The Effects of TRX Suspension Training Combined with Taurine Supplementation on Body Composition, Glycemic and Lipid Markers in Women with Type 2 Diabetes

Abstract

Background: We aimed to investigate the effects of an 8-week total-body resistance exercise (TRX) suspension training intervention combined with taurine supplementation on body composition, blood glucose, and lipid markers in T2D females. Methods: Forty T2D middle-aged females (age: 53 ± 5 years, body mass = 84.3 ± 5.1 kg) were randomly assigned to four groups, TRX suspension training + placebo (TP; n = 10), TRX suspension training + taurine supplementation (TT; n = 10), taurine supplementation (T; n = 10), or control (C; n = 10). Body composition (body mass, body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (BFP)), blood glucose (fasting blood sugar (FBS)), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), Insulin, and Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and lipid markers (low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride (TG), and total cholesterol (TC)) were evaluated prior to and after interventions. Results: All three interventions significantly decreased body mass, BMI, and BFP with no changes between them for body mass and BMI; however, BFP changes in the TT group were significantly greater than all other groups. FBS was significantly reduced in TP and TT. Insulin concentrations’ decrement were significantly greater in all experimental groups compared to C; however, no between group differences were observed between TT, TP, and T. In regards to HOMA-IR, decreases in TT were significantly greater than all other groups TG, HbA1c, and LDL were reduced following all interventions. HDL values significantly increased only in the TT group, while TC significantly decreased in TP and TT groups. Changes in HbA1c, TG, HDL, and TC were significantly greater in the TT compared to all other groups. Conclusions: TRX training improved glycemic and lipid profiles, while taurine supplementation alone failed to show hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic properties. Notably, the synergic effects of TRX training and taurine supplementation were shown in HbA1c, HOMA-IR, TG, TC, HDL, and BFP changes. Our outcomes suggest that TRX training + taurine supplementation may be an effective adjuvant therapy in individuals with T2D.

The effects of taurine supplementation on diabetes mellitus in humans: A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…The literature search identified 2206 studies, of which 471 studies were from PubMed, 37 were from the Cochrane Library, 902 were from Embase, 790 were from the Web of Science and 6 were from clinical trials. After excluding 563 duplicates, reviewing 1643 titles and abstracts, 1557 outcomes were excluded, and the remaining 86 outcomes were sought for retrival, The full text of 10 articles can not be obtained, 54 articles were assessed in detain, of which 28 studies were excluded for interventions not eligible, 16 studies were excluded for patients not eligible, 10 studies were excluded for outcomes not eligible, resulting in a total of 5 randomized controlled studies of taurine for diabetes included in the meta-analysis ( Esmaeili et al, 2021 , Moloney et al, 2010 , Premanath et al, 2019 , Samadpour Masouleh et al, 2021 , Svarovskaya and Garganeeva, 2018 ). The study selection process is summarized in the PRISMA flow chart ( Fig.…”

“…After excluding this group of data, the heterogeneity was reduced to zero, so this group of data was not included. A total of five RCTs ( Esmaeili et al, 2021 , Moloney et al, 2010 , Premanath et al, 2019 , Samadpour Masouleh et al, 2021 , Svarovskaya and Garganeeva, 2018 ), reported, in a total of 199 patients, 113 taurine users and 86 non-users, that taurine had the potential to reduce TG compared to controls (SMD −0.26 [95% CI: −0.55, 0.02], p = 0.07), but the difference was not statistically significant. There was no heterogeneity between studies (p = 0.43, I 2 = 0%) ( Fig.…”

“…A total of five RCTs ( Esmaeili et al, 2021 , Moloney et al, 2010 , Premanath et al, 2019 , Samadpour Masouleh et al, 2021 , Svarovskaya and Garganeeva, 2018 ), reported, in a total of 199 patients, 113 taurine users and 86 non-users, that taurine had the potential to reduce TC compared to controls, but the difference was not statistically significant (SMD −0.17 [95% CI: −0.46, 0.12], p = 0.24). There was no heterogeneity between studies (p = 0.41, I 2 = 0%) ( Fig.…”

“…A total of five RCTs ( Esmaeili et al, 2021 , Moloney et al, 2010 , Premanath et al, 2019 , Samadpour Masouleh et al, 2021 , Svarovskaya and Garganeeva, 2018 ), reported on LDL in 219 patients, 123 taurine users and 96 non-users. Compared with the control group, taurine was more likely to reduce LDL levels, but the statistical difference was not significant (SMD −0.16 [95% CI: −0.51, 0.20], p = 0.39).…”

“…Five RCTs ( Esmaeili et al, 2021 , Moloney et al, 2010 , Premanath et al, 2019 , Samadpour Masouleh et al, 2021 , Svarovskaya and Garganeeva, 2018 ) reported HbA1c in 219 patients, 123 taurine users and 96 taurine non-users. There was statistically significant difference in HbA1c reduction between the taurine group and the control group (SMD −0.41 [95%CI: −0.74, −0.09], p = 0.01).…”