Consumer, legal, and technological factors influence the design, performance, and emissions of light-duty vehicles (LDVs). This work examines how design choices made by manufacturers for the UK market result in emissions and performance of vehicles throughout the past decade (2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011). LDV fuel consumption, CO 2 emissions, and performance are compared across different combinations of air and fuel delivery system using vehicle performance metrics of power density and time to accelerate from rest to 100 km/h (62 mph, t z-62 ). Increased adoption of direct injection and turbocharging technologies helped reduce spark ignition (SI, gasoline vehicles) and compression ignition (CI, diesel vehicles) fuel consumption by 22% and 19%, respectively, over the decade. These improvements were largely achieved by increasing compression ratios in SI vehicles (3.6%), turbocharging CI vehicles, and engine downsizing by 5.7-6.5% across all technologies. Simultaneously, vehicle performance improved, through increased engine power density resulting in greater acceleration. Across the decade, t z-62 fell 9.4% and engine power density increased 17% for SI vehicles. For CI vehicles, t z-62 fell 18% while engine power density rose 28%. Greater fuel consumption reductions could have been achieved if vehicle acceleration was maintained at 2001 levels, applying drive train improvements to improved fuel economy and reduced CO 2 emissions. Fuel consumption and CO 2 emissions declined at faster rates once the European emissions standards were introduced with SI