The effects of type and level of feeding of sows during pregnancy

Adam, J. L.; Shearer, I. J.; Hargreaves, Katharine M.

doi:10.1080/00288233.1971.10421659

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…This observation is in general agreement with the results of O'Grady (1967), who found no differences in litter performance between sows fed a daily ration of either 1.36 kg of meal or 0.45 kg of meal plus ad libitum grazing. Although grass, rated on its contribution to sow performance, appeared to be over-valued as being equivalent to 1.36 kg of meal daily (Adam et al 1971), the meal replacement value used in this trial appeared satisfactory for three successive litters.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, if there is a case for feeding sows at other than a uniform low level throughout pregnancy, it could be for maintaining sow condition, since the nutrient demands of foetuses, as determined' by Moustgaard (1962), are relatively small even at the end of pregnancy. The results in Part I (Adam et al 1971) suggested the need for differential feeding of pregnant sows which receive an average intake of 5.2 Meal ADE or less. Therefore a higher level of feeding at the start of pregnancy was proposed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experimental details are presented in Part I (Adam et al 1971). The main essentials were that during lactation sows received 2.04 kg of meal plus 0.45 kg per piglet suckled.…”

Section: A Nimals and Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Low feed intakes have also been shown to result in appreciable losses in sow fat reserves during their reproductive life ; Adam et al 1971). However, the effect of these fat losses on litter performance up to weaning has not been established.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effects of type and level of feeding of sows during pregnancy

Adam

Shearer

1971

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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The litter performance of 48 Large White x Berkshire sows mated to half-sib Berkshire boars was measured over three reproductive cycles. At first mating, animals were allocated to four dietary treatments according to mating weight and ultrasonically determined backfat cover. The four treatments were factorial, involving two levels of feed intake of either an all-meal control ration or a combination of meal and pasture herbage.The higher level of feeding increased both live litter weights and numbers in Parity 1. At the higher feeding level heavier live litter weights were found in all parities only after litter weights were adjusted for differences in the number of pigs. Increases in average piglet birth weight due to the level of feeding were 0.09, 0.14, and 0.18 kg approximately, in Parities 1, 2, and 3 respectively. Despite differences in average piglet birth weight, no difficulty was found in rearing the pigs even at the lower feeding level.At 4 weeks of age heavier and larger litters resulted from the higher level of feeding in Parity 1. In Parity 3, adjusted 4-week litter weights showed that the heaviest litters were produced by sows on the higher level of feeding. In the absence of differences in creep feed and lactation feed intakes, this finding was ascribed to differences in milk and milk energy production due to the depleted fat reserves of sows on the lower level of feeding in pregnancy.The partial replacement of meal by grass did not exert a consistent difference in farrowing performance, although litter performance of sows with access to pasture was adversely affected in Parity 2.The results suggest the need for differential feeding of pregnant sows. A higher level of feeding at the start of pregnancy was proposed to offset sow fat losses after lactation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experimental details are presented in Part I (Adam et al 1971). The main essentials were that during lactation sows received 2.04 kg of meal plus 0.45 kg per piglet suckled.…”

Section: A Nimals and Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effects of type and level of feeding of sows during pregnancy

Adam

Shearer

1971

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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Einfluß von Energieversorgung und ‐verteilung in der Gravidität auf Lebendgewicht und Reproduktionsleistung von Sauen¹

Muller

Kirchgeßner

1987

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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Zusammenfassung In einem Versuch mit 63 Altsauen in 4 Gruppen wurde während einer gesamten Trächtigkeit untersucht, inwieweit die Höhe der Energieversorgung (21,7 und 26,5 MJ ME/Tag) sowie eine einmalige Anhebung der Energiezufuhr am 85. Trächtigkeitstag von 19,6 bzw. 24,3 MJ ME/Tag auf 27,9 bzw. 32,6 MJ ME/Tag Einflüsse auf die Wurfgröße sowie das Gewicht von Sauen und Ferkeln bei der Geburt ausüben können. Die Gewichtszunahmen der graviden Sauen wurden signifikant von der Höhe der Energiezufuhr beeinflußt, die sich auch in einem signifikant unterschiedlichen, extrauterinen Gewichtszuwachs widerspiegelten. Die Staffelung der Energie hatte dabei insgesamt keinen Einfluß. Weder die Trächtigkeitsdauer noch die Zahl der gesamt bzw. lebend‐ und totgeborenen Ferkel war durch Energieversorgung und/oder ‐verteilung in der Gravidität signifikant beeinflußt. Auch beim Wurfgewicht sowie bei den Geburtsgewichten der Ferkel war mit höherer Energiezufuhr kein signifikanter Anstieg zu beobachten.

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Langfristige Untersuchungen zum Einfluß der Energieversorgung in der Trächtigkeit auf Lebendgewichtsveränderung und Reproduktionsleistung von Sauen

Kirchgeßner

Muller

1987

Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A

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Long term studies on the effects of the level of energy supply during gestation on changes of bodyweight and reproductive performance in the sowA trial with 21 sows investigated over two consecutive reproduction cycles to determine whether the level of energy intake during pregnancy (21.7 or 26.5 MJ ME/day) has an influence on the size of litter and on the body weight of sows and piglets at parturition and during lactation was carried out.In the second reproductive cycle some negative effects of the continuosly low level of energy supply became evident. The number of abortions and stillbirths increased and the weights of litters and single piglets were reduced at parturition and at weaning. However, there were lower losses of piglets during lactation. The level of energy supply during pregnancy had only a negligible influence on the body weight of the sows during gestation. During lactation there were no effects. The feed intake of the lactating sows did not depend on the energy supply during pregnancy.

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The effects of type and level of feeding of sows during pregnancy

Cited by 3 publications

References 19 publications

The effects of type and level of feeding of sows during pregnancy

The effects of type and level of feeding of sows during pregnancy

Einfluß von Energieversorgung und ‐verteilung in der Gravidität auf Lebendgewicht und Reproduktionsleistung von Sauen¹

Langfristige Untersuchungen zum Einfluß der Energieversorgung in der Trächtigkeit auf Lebendgewichtsveränderung und Reproduktionsleistung von Sauen

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The effects of type and level of feeding of sows during pregnancy

Cited by 3 publications

References 19 publications

The effects of type and level of feeding of sows during pregnancy

The effects of type and level of feeding of sows during pregnancy

Einfluß von Energieversorgung und ‐verteilung in der Gravidität auf Lebendgewicht und Reproduktionsleistung von Sauen1

Langfristige Untersuchungen zum Einfluß der Energieversorgung in der Trächtigkeit auf Lebendgewichtsveränderung und Reproduktionsleistung von Sauen

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Einfluß von Energieversorgung und ‐verteilung in der Gravidität auf Lebendgewicht und Reproduktionsleistung von Sauen¹