The effects of tyre material and structure properties on relaxation length using finite element method

Abstract

This study investigates the influence of tyre structural layup and material properties on the relaxation length of a rolling tyre using finite element analysis. Relaxation length for rolling tyre under different operating conditions has been studied recently. However, the effects of tyre structural layup and material properties on relaxation length were ignored. In this present work, a finite element (FE) tyre model was built based on the material and geometry properties obtained from measurements of the tyre provided by a vehicle company. Rather than the common method (steady state rolling analysis) used for cornering behaviour simulations, ABAQUS/Explicit program was used for prediction of the cornering performance and relaxation length for a constant slip angle of the rolling tyre. Two different steer inputs were applied to the rolling tyre in terms of slip angle variation, namely step input and ramp input. The effects of various factors, including cross-section area, spacing, crown angle and strength of the tyre reinforcement cords, on relaxation length of the rolling tyre were investigated by numerical experiments using the design of experiment (DOE) method.

A finite-element-based approach to characterising FTire model for extended range of operation conditions

“…With regard to the definition of the material properties of the tire, the specimens of tire rubber and reinforcement components were extracted from the tire product. The material properties of the tire components defined in ABAQUS™ were obtained using a combination of curve fitting of experimental test results and numerical modelling in finite element simulation, and the reader can refer to literature [20,21] for detailed description of this method. The hyperelastic property of rubber components of the tire was modelled using the Yeoh model [22], the strain energy function is expressed by ( 3)…”

Development of the Flexible Ring on an Elastic Continuous Foundation Tire Model for Planar Vibration of the Heavy Load Radial Tire

“…interaction [6] have always been of interest. Different tire models with the different model complexity levels have been developed and researched for different applications.…”

“…Being the only element of the vehicle contacting with the road, the tire is a key factor regarding the force and vibration generation and transmission. Meanwhile, the accurate prediction of the tire dynamics and the ground-tire interaction [6] have always been of interest. Different tire models with the different model complexity levels have been developed and researched for different applications.…”

“…Simplified tire models with an analytical expression or purely empirically/semi-empirical formulae, such as the magic model [7], brush model [8], and LuGre model [9], etc., are used to investigate the longitudinal and lateral dynamics of the tire-road interactions with the computationally effective feature, while the structural elasticity and the flexible deformation of the tire belt and tire sidewall are ignored, leading to the existing deviation under certain manoeuvres. At the other extreme, taking the advantage the powerful computation and the composite characteristic [10], detailed tire models, such as the finite element tire model [6], absolute nodal coordinate formulation (ANCF) finite element tire model [11], and spectral element tire model [12], present the detail material feature and geometrical feature at the expense of much computation resource. Additionally, the detailed tire/road contacting feature can be investigated with the detailed tire and road model, while the large computation resource, the extensive finite element analysis (FEA)-oriented pre-processing, and the difficultly-obtained material parameters limit the extended application for vehicle dynamics.…”

A Suitable Constitutive Model for Solid Tire Analysis under Quasi-Static Loads using Finite Element Method

“…Baranowski et al [9] also had applied Ogden formulation for the rubber material of pneumatic tire model under the dynamic analysis comprising of the radial reflection test, bounce test, and blast loading test. Wei and Olatunbosun [10,11] selected Yeoh model for the pneumatic tire to analyze the ride comfort assessment, cornering performance, and relaxation length for a constant slip angle of the rolling tire model. These constitutive models which were carried out to use with the FEM were obtained by implementation in the stress-strain characteristic of tire material.…”