The Effects of Ultrasonic Scaling and Air-Abrasive Powders on the Decontamination of 9 Implant-Abutment Surfaces: Scanning Electron Analysis and In Vitro Study

Abstract

(1) Background: The aim of this study is to understand from a microscopic point of view whether bicarbonate air-abrasive powders associated with ultrasonic instruments can decontaminate nine different surfaces used for the abutment/implant junction. Fibroblast growth was carried out on decontaminated surface in order to understand if there are significative differences in terms of biocompatibility. (2) Methods: After taking samples of patient plaque, nine different surfaces were contaminated and analyzed by SEM, then their wettability was evaluated. Fibroblasts were cultured on the decontaminated surfaces to understand their ability to establish a connective tissue seal after decontamination. The results were analyzed from a statistical point of view to hypothesize a mathematical model capable of explaining the properties of the surfaces. (3) Results: A negative correlation between roughness and contamination has been demonstrated, whereas a weak correlation was observed between wettability and decontamination capacity. All surfaces were topographically damaged after the decontamination treatment. Grade 5 titanium surfaces appear tougher, whereas anodized surfaces tend to lose the anodizing layer. (4) Conclusions: further studies will be needed to fully understand how these decontaminated surfaces affect the adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of fibroblasts and osteoblasts.

Key topographic parameters driving surface adhesion of Porphyromonas gingivalis

“…Also, as suggested by Linklater et al, the mechanical properties of bacterial cell walls are similar between strains; therefore, an understanding of all influencing factors of the topography based bactericidal mechanism could lead to a precise description of mechanobactericidal surface patterns 11 . A recent study has shown that differences in surface topography not only impact bacterial adhesion, but also modify decontamination with powders and ultrasounds, as well as subsequent fibroblast growth 41 . A similar study could be carried out on LIPSS from the present study.…”

Electrolytic Cleaning and Regenerative Therapy of Peri-implantitis in the Esthetic Area: A Case Report

“…17 Nonsurgical methods of surface decontamination have demonstrated suboptimal results. 18 Methods of implant surface decontamination using mechanical, sonic, and ultrasonic scalers, laser, air flow, and various chemical solutions, such as chlorhexidine digluconate, citric acid, and hydrogen peroxide, have been proposed in many studies. [19][20][21] In addition, interesting results have been obtained with the use of plasma argon.…”

The efficacy of different implant surface decontamination methods using spectrophotometric analysis: anin vitrostudy

“…Moreover, factors such as resistance to topical disinfectants and systemic antibiotics suggest mechanical removal of intact biofilms as the leading therapy [ 10 11 ]. Several devices are commonly used for dental implant decontamination, but their efficacy is still limited due to defect-specific characteristics and the implant’s thread structure, especially in advanced cases where nonsurgical techniques alone still do not provide predictable and successful outcomes [ 12 13 14 ]. Moreover, in the most advanced cases, surgical therapy is more predictable, as it allows for proper access to the implant surface for both mechanical debridement and chemical decontamination [ 15 ].…”