The effects of ultraviolet‐B radiation and intraspecific competition on growth, pollination success, and lifetime female fitness in <i>Phacelia campanularia</i> and <i>P. purshii</i> (Hydrophyllaceae)

Conner, Jeffrey K.; Neumeier, Rachel

doi:10.3732/ajb.89.1.103

Cited by 22 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Concerns over ozone depletion and the resulting increase in UV radiation have spurred studies of the effects of UV radiation on plants. Studies on the effects of increased UV-B show increased flowering duration (Conner and Neumeier, 2002), delayed flowering time (Sampson and Cane, 1999), and delayed or no change in flowering phenology of crop plants (Kakani et al, 2003). In contrast to these studies is the effect of decreased UV-B exposure in urban areas due to pollution (e.g., Papayannis et al, 1998;Repapis et al, 1998).…”

Section: Photoperiodmentioning

confidence: 96%

Effects of urbanization on plant flowering phenology: A review

2006

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Studies of flowering and leafing phenology have dramatically increased during the last few decades because changes in plant phenology can be indicative of possible effects of climate change at multiple scales. This article reviews the available literature focusing on the effects of urbanization on flowering phenology. The literature of flowering phenology in urban environments suggests that spring-blooming plants in a variety of ecosystems in North America, Europe, and China tend to bloom earlier in the city than in the surrounding un-urbanized habitat. Moreover, ephemerals, early spring bloomers, and insect-pollinated plants in these environments tend to be more sensitive than perennials, mid-or late-spring bloomers, and wind-pollinated plants. Researchers attribute advanced flowering in urban environments to the Heat Island Effect. The potential ecological consequences of changes in flowering phenology in urbanized areas are not well understood or explicitly studied. However, studies in global biology have suggested that climate change may result in a series of important ecological consequences as well as human-related problems such as earlier and extended allergy seasons. More field-based studies are needed to elucidate this issue.

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Section: Photoperiodmentioning

confidence: 96%

Effects of urbanization on plant flowering phenology: A review

2006

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“…It can also reduce (Booij‐James et al. 2000) or increase (Yang & Yao 2008) photosynthetic rate ( A ), exert complex changes in stomatal behaviour ( g s ) (Jansen & van den Noort 2000) and reduce plant fitness (Conner & Neumeier 2002; Feng et al. 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolomic and physiological responses reveal multi‐phasic acclimation of Arabidopsis thaliana to chronic UV radiation

Lake

Field

Davey

et al. 2009

Plant Cell & Environment

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Biochemical changes in vivo and pathway interactions were investigated using integrated physiological and metabolic responses of Arabidopsis thaliana L. to ultraviolet (UV) radiation (280-400 nm) at 9.96 kJ m -2 d -1 over the entire life cycle from seed to seed (8 weeks). Columbia-0 (Col-0) and a UV-B sensitive accession ( fah-1) showed significant (P < 0.001) reductions in leaf growth after 6 weeks. Col-0 recovered growth after 8 weeks, with recovery corresponding to a switch from production of phenylpropanoids to flavonoids. fah-1 failed to recover, indicating that sinapate production is an essential component of recovery. Epidermal features show that UV radiation caused significant (P < 0.001) increases in trichome density, which may act as a structural defence response. Stomatal indices showed a significant (P < 0.0001) reduction in Col-0 and a significant (P < 0.001) increase in fah-1. Epidermal cell density was significantly increased under UV radiation on the abaxial leaf surface, suggesting that that a fully functioning phenylpropanoid pathway is a requirement for cell expansion and leaf development. Despite wild-type acclimation, the costs of adaptation lead to reduced plant fitness by decreasing flower numbers and total seed biomass. A multi-phasic acclimation to UV radiation and the induction of specific metabolites link stress-induced biochemical responses to enhanced acclimation.

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“…Wilson and Greenberg (1993) have, for example, reported an increase in Brassica seed production with UV‐B exposure, despite a known sensitivity of other members of the Brassicaceae to elevated UV‐B radiation. Conner and Neumaier (2002) also obtained increases in flower duration, total flower number and percentage fruit set in parental plants exposed to elevated UV‐B, events which were accompanied by increases in germination, plant height, leaf number, seed set per fruit and total seed production in the F1 generation. These increases were attributed to UV‐B‐induced beneficial effects that were passed on by maternal plants to the offspring, and/or the direct effects of UV‐B irradiance on seeds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…However, most studies examining UV‐B effects on plants have been conducted in the Northern hemisphere (Musil et al 2002), and these have centred mostly on plant growth (biomass accumulation), as well as physiological and morphological responses (Jansen et al 1998). Information on UV‐B effect on seed production is variable, and data on UV‐B carryover effects on offspring generation are limited (Conner and Neumaier 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of UV‐B radiation on seed yield of Glycine max and an assessment of F1 generation progeny for carryover effects

Chimphango

Brown

Musil

et al. 2007

Physiologia Plantarum

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Glycine max (L.) Merr plants were grown outdoors in potted sand exposed to elevated ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation provided by filtered fluorescent lamps to determine the effects of UV-B on seed yield and UV-B-induced carryover effects in the F1 generation. Increased UV-B radiation had no detectable effects on reproductive parameters except for a reduction on seed number per plant and an increase in the number of unseeded pods per plant and dry weight of unseeded pods per plant in the field supplemental UV-B experiment. Studies on carryover effects in the greenhouse progeny growth trial also showed no effect of parental treatment with UV-B on biomass production, and most symbiotic-N traits and plant metabolite measured. However, the concentrations of N in nodules and starch in roots were significantly increased in the F1 generation progeny from elevated UV-B radiation relative to their F1 counterparts from ambient radiation. Assessing the effects of seed size on plant growth and symbiotic function in the F1 progeny showed that total biomass, dry matter yield of individual organs (leaves, stems, roots and nodules), total plant N and fixed-N rose with increasing seed size. Seed concentration of flavonoids was also enhanced with increasing seed size. These findings suggest that subtle changes did occur in the F1 generation progeny of parental plants exposed to elevated UV-B with potential to accumulate with further exposure to elevated UV-B radiation.

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The effects of ultraviolet‐B radiation and intraspecific competition on growth, pollination success, and lifetime female fitness in Phacelia campanularia and P. purshii (Hydrophyllaceae)

Cited by 22 publications

References 64 publications

Effects of urbanization on plant flowering phenology: A review

Effects of urbanization on plant flowering phenology: A review

Metabolomic and physiological responses reveal multi‐phasic acclimation of Arabidopsis thaliana to chronic UV radiation

Effects of UV‐B radiation on seed yield of Glycine max and an assessment of F1 generation progeny for carryover effects

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