The effects of unilateral and bilateral chewing, empty clenching and simulated bruxism, on the masticatory‐parotid salivary reflex in man

Anderson, David J.; Hector, Mark; Rj, Linden

doi:10.1113/expphysiol.1996.sp003934

Cited by 46 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The threshold for the activation of these mechanoreceptors is relatively low (Linden and Millar, 1988), i.e. less than 5% of the comfortable chewing force (Anderson, Hector and Linden , 1996). The response to chewing paraffin is normally a three‐ or fivefold increase in the salivary flow rate compared with the unstimulated level, and activation of mechanoreceptors is positively correlated to the salivary flow.…”

Section: Saliva and Masticationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Saliva and gastrointestinal functions of taste, mastication, swallowing and digestion

Pedersen¹,

Bardow²,

Jensen³

et al. 2002

Oral Diseases

624

451

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Saliva has multiple essential functions in relation to the digestive process taking place in the upper parts of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. This paper reviews the role of human saliva and its compositional elements in relation to the GI functions of taste, mastication, bolus formation, enzymatic digestion, and swallowing. The indirect function of saliva in the digestive process that includes maintenance of an intact dentition and mucosa is also reviewed. Finally, pathophysiological considerations of salivary dysfunction in relation to some GI functions are considered.

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Section: Saliva and Masticationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Saliva and gastrointestinal functions of taste, mastication, swallowing and digestion

Pedersen¹,

Bardow²,

Jensen³

et al. 2002

Oral Diseases

624

451

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…During wakefulness, a higher rate of salivary flow occurs during chewing, biting, or talking than during rest (Anderson et al, 1996;Anderson and Hector, 1987;Hector and Linden, 1987;Jensen Kjeilen et al, 1987;Losso et al, 1997;Scott et al, 1998). During the day, salivary flow rate is also subject to circadian influences; it is higher in the afternoon than in the morning (Borgeat et al, 1984).…”

Section: Salivation and Sleepmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurobiological Mechanisms Involved in Sleep Bruxism

Lavigne

Kato

Kolta

et al. 2003

Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine

443

290

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Sleep bruxism (SB) is reported by 8% of the adult population and is mainly associated with rhythmic masticatory muscle activity (RMMA) characterized by repetitive jaw muscle contractions (3 bursts or more at a frequency of 1 Hz). The consequences of SB may include tooth destruction, jaw pain, headaches, or the limitation of mandibular movement, as well as tooth-grinding sounds that disrupt the sleep of bed partners. SB is probably an extreme manifestation of a masticatory muscle activity occurring during the sleep of most normal subjects, since RMMA is observed in 60% of normal sleepers in the absence of grinding sounds. The pathophysiology of SB is becoming clearer, and there is an abundance of evidence outlining the neurophysiology and neurochemistry of rhythmic jaw movements (RJM) in relation to chewing, swallowing, and breathing. The sleep literature provides much evidence describing the mechanisms involved in the reduction of muscle tone, from sleep onset to the atonia that characterizes rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Several brainstem structures (e.g., reticular pontis oralis, pontis caudalis, parvocellularis) and neurochemicals (e.g., serotonin, dopamine, gamma aminobutyric acid [GABA], noradrenaline) are involved in both the genesis of RJM and the modulation of muscle tone during sleep. It remains unknown why a high percentage of normal subjects present RMMA during sleep and why this activity is three times more frequent and higher in amplitude in SB patients. It is also unclear why RMMA during sleep is characterized by co-activation of both jaw-opening and jawclosing muscles instead of the alternating jaw-opening and jaw-closing muscle activity pattern typical of chewing. The final section of this review proposes that RMMA during sleep has a role in lubricating the upper alimentary tract and increasing airway patency. The review concludes with an outline of questions for future research.

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“…In addition, a copious salivary flow comes from the submandibular in response to smells (Lee and Linden 1992a), but no such response occurs from the parotid (Lee and Linden 1992b). Although chewing is the main stimulator of increased salivary flow, empty clenching causes no increase in salivation (Anderson et al . 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is the Mouthwatering Sensation a True Salivary Reflex?

Ilangakoon

Carpenter²

2011

Journal of Texture Studies

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Although widely perceived, there is no clear physiological mechanism for the sensation known as “mouthwatering.” Previous studies conflict as to whether humans have a conditioned reflex to the sight or thought of food despite being well established in other animals. Parotid and submandibular/sublingual secretions to a set of standardized (taste, chewing, smell) stimuli were compared to mouthwatering samples elicited by handling (but not consuming) food. Handling food elicited a small, but measurable, increase in submandibular/sublingual and parotid salivas. Analyses revealed these salivas had a similar protein profile as a resting salivary sample. It is concluded that no true reflex secretion occurs in response to the thought or handling of food but that small amounts of saliva ejected into the mouth, possibly by muscle activity, is likely to be the cause of the mouthwatering sensation. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS The concept of mouthwatering is often used to promote or sell a food product and yet the physiological basis of this response is unclear. Unlike animals, and in particular Pavlov's dogs, humans are not able to salivate at the thought of food. Instead small volumes of saliva have been secreted/detected while handling real foods that may relate to the mouthwatering phenomenon.

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The effects of unilateral and bilateral chewing, empty clenching and simulated bruxism, on the masticatory‐parotid salivary reflex in man

Cited by 46 publications

References 7 publications

Saliva and gastrointestinal functions of taste, mastication, swallowing and digestion

Saliva and gastrointestinal functions of taste, mastication, swallowing and digestion

Neurobiological Mechanisms Involved in Sleep Bruxism

Is the Mouthwatering Sensation a True Salivary Reflex?

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