The effects of unpaved roads on suspended sediment concentration at varying spatial scales – a case study from<scp>S</scp>outhern<scp>B</scp>razil

Thomaz, Edivaldo Lopes; Vestena, Leandro Redin; Ramos‐Scharrón, Carlos E.

doi:10.1111/wej.12070

Cited by 44 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Roads on steep slopes also pose a risk of gully initiation (Wemple et al , ; Croke and Mockler, ; Takken et al , ; Svoray and Markovitch, ) and shallow landslides (Montgomery, ; Borga et al , ). These changes in hydrogeomorphic processes can elevate sediment production and delivery to streams, thereby degrading water quality, as documented in studies in diverse geographic settings (Reid and Dunne, ; Bilby et al , ; Megahan et al , ; Luce and Black, ; Lane and Sheridan, ; Ramos‐Scharrón and MacDonald, ; Sheridan and Noske, ; Thomaz et al , ; van Meerveld et al , ; Yousefi et al , ; Zemke, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying the spatial pattern and importance of hydro‐geomorphic drainage impairments on unpaved roads in the northeastern USA

Wemple

Clark

Ross

et al. 2017

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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Roads have been widely studied as sources of runoff and sediment and identified as pollutant production sources to receiving waters. Despite the wealth of research on logging roads in forested, upland settings, little work has been conducted to examine the role of extensive networks of rural, low‐volume, unpaved roads on water quality degradation at the catchment scale. We studied a network of municipal unpaved roads in the northeastern US to identify the type and spatial extent of ‘hydro‐geomorphic impairments’ to water quality. We mapped erosional and depositional features on roads to develop an estimate of pollutant production. We also mapped the type and location of design interventions or best management practices (BMPs) used to improve road drainage and mitigate water quality impairment. We used statistical analyses to identify key controls on the frequency and magnitude of erosional features on the road network, and GIS to scale up from the survey results to the catchment scale to identify the likely importance of unpaved roads as a pollutant source in this setting. An average of 21 hydro‐geomorphic impairments were mapped per kilometer of road, averaging 0.3 m3 in volume. Road gradient and slope position were key controls on the occurrence of these features. The presence of BMPs effectively reduced erosion frequency. Scaled up to the watershed and using a conservative estimate of road–stream connectivity, our results for the Winooski River watershed in the northeastern US suggest that roughly 16% and 6% of the average annual sediment and phosphorus flux, respectively, of the Winooski River may be derived from unpaved roads. Our study identifies an under‐appreciated source of water quality degradation in rural watersheds, provides insights into identifying ‘hot spots’ of pollutant production associated with these networks, and points to effectiveness of design interventions in mitigating these adverse impacts on water quality. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying the spatial pattern and importance of hydro‐geomorphic drainage impairments on unpaved roads in the northeastern USA

Wemple

Clark

Ross

et al. 2017

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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“…Observamos que as estradas desempenham um papel importante na geração, transporte e transferência de sedimentos das vertentes para os corpos hídricos (SHERIDAN et al, 2008;THOMAZ et al, 2014).…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

“…Dentre estes tipos de uso do solo, as estradas vêm se confi gurando com uma das mais importantes fontes de sedimento em bacia de drenagem, tornando-se foco de algumas pesquisas como: Sheridan & Noske (2007) ;Cerdà, 2007;Ramos-Scharrón & Macdonald (2007); Martinez-Zavala et al (2008); Jordán et al 2009;Thomaz et al (2011); Thomaz et al (2014). Ressalta-se, que nas pesquisas encontradas na literatura são raras aquelas que associam à perda de solo das estradas às atividades agrícolas ou ainda que individualizem a produção de sedimento em barranco e em leito de estrada.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Perda De Solo Em Estradas Rurais Em Área De Cultivo De Tabaco Na Bacia Do Arroio Boa Vista- Paraná

Antoneli

Thomaz

2016

Rev. Bras. Geomorfol.

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O objetivo desta pesquisa foi mensurar a perda de solos em estradas rurais na Bacia do Arroio Boa Vista no município de Guamiranga Paraná. A área de estudos é ocupada por pequenas propriedades agrícolas, com 85% da área utilizada para o cultivo do tabaco (Nicotiana tabacun). O cultivo desta Salanaceae é realizado de setembro a março indicando variação nas atividades agrícolas na região, com períodos de intensificação de atividade (safra) e redução das atividades (entressafra). Esta variação nas atividades pode interferir nas perdas de solo nas estradas. Para avaliar as perdas de solo das estradas foram instaladas 6 parcelas de 600 m2 e, em cada uma foi construída uma caixa de contenção nas margens das estradas para deposição de sedimentos. Foi mensurada também a perda de solos dos barrancos por meio da instalação 14 parcelas de pinos de erosão com um total de 140 pinos. O monitoramento foi realizado durante um ano, sendo avaliado período de safra e entresafra. A perda média de solo foi de 27,6 kg/m2/ano. Deste total 4,9 kg/m2/ano (17,8%) foi produzido pelos barrancos e 22,7 kg/m2/ano (82,2%) oriundo do leito das estradas. Cerca de 68,2% da perda de solo foram registradas nos períodos de intensificação das atividades agrícolas (setembro a março), enquanto que 32,8% das perdas foram registradas nos períodos de entre safra.

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“…observation). These observations are consistent with numerous studies examining the impact of resource roads and stream crossings on sediment loading (Spillios, ; Lachance et al ., ; Thomaz, Vestena & Scharrón, ; Wang, Edwards & Wood, ). While stream banks adjacent to crossings will, overtime, become re‐vegetated and stabilise, heavy rain and flooding can destabilise banks and facilitate erosional processes (Chapman et al ., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Industrial road crossings drive changes in community structure and instream habitat for freshwater fishes in the boreal forest

et al. 2015

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Summary Stream crossing structures are an increasingly prevalent anthropogenic feature on North American riverscapes, particularly in watersheds affected by industrial resource development in sensitive boreal environments. If improperly managed, stream crossings have the potential to alter fish habitat and impede fish movement. This study assessed instream habitat characteristics and fish communities from 33 culverted, bridged and reference streams in an industrialising region of the boreal forest in west‐central Alberta. Mixed‐effects modelling and multivariate analysis were used to determine impacts of stream crossings at three scales: whole‐stream scale, within‐stream scale and the interaction of scales. Instream habitat characteristics such as mean depth, water velocity, percent fines, turbidity, water temperature and dissolved oxygen showed significant between‐stream as well as within‐stream differences among stream crossings. The majority of fish species exhibited significantly lower densities (n m−2) in upstream habitats as compared to downstream habitats, including a significant reduction in Slimy Sculpin densities in culverted streams. Multivariate tests corroborated these results, showing that fish assemblages differ as a function of stream type. This study suggests industrial stream crossings influence abiotic habitat characteristics in freshwater ecosystems, restrict biotic connectivity and impact fish community structure at the whole‐stream and within‐stream scales. Alterations to stream ecosystems associated with stream crossings may be driving large‐scale changes in stream fish communities in the boreal forest. With expanded development expected in much of North America's boreal region, mitigation measures which limit impacts from stream crossings are needed to ensure proper ecosystem function in freshwater systems.

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The effects of unpaved roads on suspended sediment concentration at varying spatial scales – a case study fromSouthernBrazil

Cited by 44 publications

References 45 publications

Identifying the spatial pattern and importance of hydro‐geomorphic drainage impairments on unpaved roads in the northeastern USA

Identifying the spatial pattern and importance of hydro‐geomorphic drainage impairments on unpaved roads in the northeastern USA

Perda De Solo Em Estradas Rurais Em Área De Cultivo De Tabaco Na Bacia Do Arroio Boa Vista- Paraná

Industrial road crossings drive changes in community structure and instream habitat for freshwater fishes in the boreal forest

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