The effects of vaccination on serum hormone concentrations and conception rates in synchronized naive beef heifers

Perry, George A.; Zimmerman, Alicia D.; Daly, Russ; Buterbaugh, Robin E.; Rhoades, Jim R.; Scholz, Doug; Harmon, Aaron; Chase, Christopher

doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.10.005

Cited by 25 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…These findings are inconsistent with previous work (Chiang, Smith, Nusbaum, & Stringfellow, 1990;Perry et al, 2013) where cyclicity was impacted following vaccination with a MLV. Perry and co-workers (2013) found that 38% of the MLV-vaccinated heifers experienced an abnormal oestrous cycle (<15 days) during the first cycle post-vaccination.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Influence of a bovine respiratory disease vaccine with a temperature‐sensitive modified live or killed infectious bovine rhinotracheitis component on oestrous cycle parameters and anti‐Müllerian hormone concentration in nulliparous heifers

Widener

Graves

Alward

et al. 2019

Reprod Domestic Animals

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The objective of this study was to examine the impact of a bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) vaccine with a temperature‐sensitive modified live vaccine (MLV) infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) component on oestrous cycle parameters and the follicular pool. Twenty‐four Holstein heifers (12.4 ± 0.5 months) previously calfhood vaccinated with an IBR MLV component were enrolled in two replicates (Spring; n = 10 and Fall; n = 14) and were blocked by pre‐vaccination bovine viral diarrhoea (BVD) serum neutralizing (SN) titres. Upon enrolment, heifers were oestrous synchronized with sampling beginning at detected oestrus. At their second heat, heifers were vaccinated with a BRDC calfhood vaccine with a MLV (MLV; n = 12) or killed (K; n = 12) IBR component and sampled for two additional cycles. Serum samples for oestrogen (E2) and progesterone (P4) as well as ultrasound data of ovarian structures were collected every other day. Serum samples for anti‐Müllerian hormone (AMH) were collected at oestrus and mid‐cycle for each cycle, and serum for titres was collected prior to and following vaccination. Data were analysed with the PROC MIXED and GLM procedures of SAS. There was no difference in pre‐ or post‐vaccination titres between MLV and K heifers (p > .5). Vaccination had no impact on P4 concentrations, P4 area under the curve, luteal tissue area, peak E2 production or oestrous cycle length (p > .05). Cycle number did impact AMH concentration (p < .05). In MLV heifers, AMH concentration was highest in cycle 1 (p < .05) while cycles 2 and 3 did not differ (p > .05). This was also true for the K heifers in the Fall replicate (p < .05). Within cycle 2, AMH concentrations were numerically lower between vaccine types (K = 308.22 ± 33.3 pg/ml, MLV = 181.13 ± 32.9 pg/ml; p > .05). Although no differences were seen in overall cycle parameters, differences in AMH concentrations may indicate a reduction of the follicular pool following vaccination and requires further investigation.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Influence of a bovine respiratory disease vaccine with a temperature‐sensitive modified live or killed infectious bovine rhinotracheitis component on oestrous cycle parameters and anti‐Müllerian hormone concentration in nulliparous heifers

Widener

Graves

Alward

et al. 2019

Reprod Domestic Animals

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“…Joseph, Missouri. an off-label use, irrespective of immune status; however, similar cautions do not exist for using MLV vaccines within 28 d of initiating an estrus synchronization-TAI program. Data on reproductive safety of MLV vaccines administered to reproductive age cattle are conflicting, with adverse (Perry et al, 2013) or no effects observed (Bolton et al, 2007;Walz et al, 2015). Perry et al (2013) compared MLV and KV vaccine administration on reproductive hormone concentrations and pregnancy rates when initial vaccination was performed in naïve crossbred beef heifers at the time of estrus synchronization and 8 d before timed AI (Perry et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Data on reproductive safety of MLV vaccines administered to reproductive age cattle are conflicting, with adverse (Perry et al, 2013) or no effects observed (Bolton et al, 2007;Walz et al, 2015). Perry et al (2013) compared MLV and KV vaccine administration on reproductive hormone concentrations and pregnancy rates when initial vaccination was performed in naïve crossbred beef heifers at the time of estrus synchronization and 8 d before timed AI (Perry et al, 2013). Pregnancy rates were reportedly greater in unvaccinated heifers and heifers vaccinated or revaccinated with KV vaccines compared with heifers receiving their initial MLV vaccine (Perry et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although MLV vaccines containing BVDV and BoHV-1 are considered to provide longer immunity and greater protection against reproductive loss (Rodning et al, 2010;Givens et al, 2012), concerns have been expressed regarding the safe-Comparison of reproductive performance of primiparous dairy cattle following revaccination with either modifiedlive or killed multivalent viral vaccines in early lactation ty of these multivalent vaccines on female reproduction, with the majority of concern focused on the BoHV-1 fractions of the MLV vaccines causing abortions when given to pregnant cattle (O'Toole et al, 2012(O'Toole et al, , 2014). An additional safety concern associated with MLV vaccines containing BVDV and BoHV-1 is infertility when MLV vaccines are administered in proximity to time of breeding Chiang et al, 1990;Smith et al, 1990;Perry et al, 2013). Use of MLV vaccines in naïve heifers at the onset of standing estrus has been demonstrated to have negative effects on function of the corpus luteum Smith et al, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of reproductive performance of primiparous dairy cattle following revaccination with either modified-live or killed multivalent viral vaccines in early lactation

Walz

Montgomery²,

Passler

et al. 2015

Journal of Dairy Science

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The objective of this randomized clinical trial was to compare the effect of revaccination in primiparous dairy cows with modified live viral (MLV) or killed viral (KV) vaccines containing bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and bovine herpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1) on (1) pregnancy rate following estrus synchronization-timed artificial insemination (TAI), (2) serum progesterone concentrations, and (3) serum neutralizing antibody titers at revaccination and at TAI. Primiparous dairy cows (n=692) that had been previously vaccinated with 4 doses of MLV vaccine as calves or heifers were randomized to receive either an MLV or a KV vaccine between 21 and 28 d in milk and 17 d before initiation of a double-Ovsynch-TAI protocol. Serum was collected within the double-Ovsynch protocol for determination of progesterone concentrations, and at vaccination and TAI for serum neutralizing antibody titers. Ultrasound pregnancy determinations were made at 30 and 60 d after TAI. No differences in pregnancy rates were observed between cows receiving MLV vaccine (44%; n=326) or KV vaccine (43%; n=336). No differences were observed in serum progesterone concentrations during a double-Ovsynch-TAI protocol between cows receiving MLV and KV vaccines. No differences were observed in BVDV 1 or BVDV 2 antibody titers at vaccination and TAI between cows receiving MLV or KV vaccine; however, BoHV-1 antibody titers were greater at TAI in cows receiving KV vaccine. Overall response to vaccination-defined as the percent of all individual cows that had any detectable increase in antibody titer from vaccination to TAI-was 39% for BVDV 1, 45% for BVDV 2, and 61% for BoHV-1. In this research, use of an MLV vaccine did not impede reproduction when revaccination was performed between 21 and 28 DIM and just before enrollment in an estrus synchronization-TAI program in primiparous dairy cows; however, response to vaccination as defined by increases in virus-specific antibody titers could be considered less than ideal for this population of cattle.

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“…Such lesions were not found in ovaries from which BHV-1 was not isolated [84]. Vaccination at estrus was followed by a reduction in circulating progesterone [84,86]; conception rates were also reduced [86,87]. Although this review relates primarily to cows, there is evidence that young bulls exposed to BHV-1 at about six months of age had reduced sperm quality six months later [88].…”

Section: Bovine Herpesvirus-1mentioning

confidence: 92%

Importance of Viral Disease in Dairy Cow Fertility

et al. 2020

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a b s t r a c tMany viral diseases are endemic in cattle populations worldwide. The ability of many viruses to cross the placenta and cause abortions and fetal malformations is well understood. There is also significant evidence that viral infections have additional actions in dairy cows, which are reflected in reduced conception rates. These effects are, however, highly dependent on the time at which an individual animal first contracts the disease and are less easy to quantify. This paper reviews the evidence relating to five viruses that can affect fertility, together with their potential mechanisms of action. Acute infection with non-cytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) in mid-gestation increases abortion rates or causes the birth of persistently infected calves. BVDV infections closer to the time of breeding can have direct effects on the ovaries and uterine endometrium, which cause estrous cycle irregularities and early embryo mortality. Fertility may also be reduced by BVDV-induced immunosuppression, which increases the susceptibility to bacterial infections. Bovine herpesvirus (BHV)-1 is most common in pre-pubertal heifers, and can slow their growth, delay breeding, and increase the age at first calving. Previously infected animals subsequently show reduced fertility. Although this may be associated with lung damage, ovarian lesions have also been reported. Both BHV-1 and BHV-4 remain latent in the host following initial infection and may be reactivated later by stress, for example associated with calving and early lactation. While BHV-4 infection alone may not reduce fertility, it appears to act as a co-factor with established bacterial pathogens such as Escherichia coli and Trueperella pyogenes to promote the development of endometritis and delay uterine repair mechanisms after calving. Both Schmallenberg virus (SBV) and bluetongue virus (BTV) are transmitted by insect vectors and lead to increased abortion rates and congenital malformations. BTV-8 also impairs the development of hatched blastocysts; furthermore, infection around the time of breeding with either virus appears to reduce conception rates. Although the reductions in conception rates are often difficult to quantify, they are nevertheless sufficient to cause economic losses, which help to justify the benefits of vaccination and eradication schemes.

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The effects of vaccination on serum hormone concentrations and conception rates in synchronized naive beef heifers

Cited by 25 publications

References 15 publications

Influence of a bovine respiratory disease vaccine with a temperature‐sensitive modified live or killed infectious bovine rhinotracheitis component on oestrous cycle parameters and anti‐Müllerian hormone concentration in nulliparous heifers

Influence of a bovine respiratory disease vaccine with a temperature‐sensitive modified live or killed infectious bovine rhinotracheitis component on oestrous cycle parameters and anti‐Müllerian hormone concentration in nulliparous heifers

Comparison of reproductive performance of primiparous dairy cattle following revaccination with either modified-live or killed multivalent viral vaccines in early lactation

Importance of Viral Disease in Dairy Cow Fertility

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