The Effects of Various Peptides on Human Isolated Gut Muscle

Bennett, A. B.; Stamford, I F; Sanger, Gareth J.; Bloom, S.R.

doi:10.1111/j.2042-7158.1992.tb07074.x

Cited by 16 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…This represents an exciting hypothesis that remains to be confirmed by further investigations. In later embryonic life, GAL may have sympathetic functions overall in the control of motility, as demonstrated previously in adult mammals (Bauer et al, 1989;Rattan, 1991;Bennett et al, 1992). Its presence in periglandular and perivascular fiber networks, especially in adult chicken, indicates other possible biological functions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Ontogeny of galanin‐immunoreactive elements in the intrinsic nervous system of the chicken gut

1999

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Galanin is a brain-gut peptide that is present in the central and peripheral nervous systems. In the gut, it is contained exclusively in intrinsic and extrinsic nerve supplies, and it is involved overall in the regulation of gut motility. To obtain information about the ontogeny of galanin, we undertook an immunohistochemical study of chicken embryos.The time of first appearance and the distribution patterns of galanin were investigated with fluorescence and streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase (ABC) immunohistochemical protocols by using a galanin polyclonal antiserum. The various regions of the gut and the pancreas were obtained from chicken embryos aged from 3 days of incubation to hatching. All specimens were fixed in buffered picric acid-paraformaldehyde, frozen, and cut with a cryostat.Galanin-immunoreactive neuroblasts were first detected at 4 days in the mesenchyme of the proventriculus/gizzard primordium and within the Remak ganglion. They then extended cranially and caudally, reaching all of the other gut regions at 6.5 days. Galanin-immunoreactive nerve elements mainly occupied the sites of myenteric and submucous plexuses. From day 15, galanin-immunoreactive nerve fibers tended to invade the circular muscular layer and part of the lamina propria of the mucosa. In the pancreas, weak galanin-immunoreactive nerve elements were detected at 5.5 days. They tended to be distributed among the glandular lobules according to the organ differentiation.The widespread distribution during the earlier embryonic stages represents evidence indicating that the neuropeptide galanin may have a role as a differentiating or growth factor. From late embryonic life, its predominant presence in sympathetic nerves and in muscular layers fits with the functions demonstrated previously in adults of other vertebrates for galanin as a modulator of intestinal motility. Anat Rec 254: 28-38, 1999. 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Ontogeny of galanin‐immunoreactive elements in the intrinsic nervous system of the chicken gut

1999

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“…GAL has been found to exert many different biological actions including regulating gastrointestinal motility (Bauer et al., 1989; Bennett et al., 1992; Śliwiński et al., 1996), and influencing gastric acid secretion (Soldani et al., 1988). GAL and some of its analogues have been found to evoke reducible, concentration‐dependent contractions of rat gastric fundus muscle strips (Katsoulis et al., 1990; Śliwiński et al., 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Distribution and Chemical Coding of Intramural Neurons Supplying the Porcine Stomach – the Study on Normal Pigs and on Animals Suffering from Swine Dysentery

Kaleczyc¹,

Klimczuk²,

Franke-Radowiecka³

et al. 2007

Anat Histol Embryol

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The present study was designed to investigate the expression of biologically active substances by intramural neurons supplying the stomach in normal (control) pigs and in pigs suffering from dysentery. Eight juvenile female pigs were used. Both dysenteric (n = 4; inoculated with Brachyspira hyodysenteriae) and control (n = 4) animals were deeply anaesthetized, transcardially perfused with buffered paraformalehyde, and tissue samples comprising all layers of the wall of the ventricular fundus were collected. The cryostat sections were processed for double-labelling immunofluorescence to study the distribution of the intramural nerve structures (visualized with antibodies against protein gene-product 9.5) and their chemical coding using antibodies against vesicular acetylcholine (ACh) transporter (VAChT), nitric oxide synthase (NOS), galanin (GAL), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), somatostatin (SOM), Leu(5)-enkephalin (LENK), substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). In both inner and outer submucosal plexuses of the control pigs, the majority of neurons were SP (55% and 58%, respectively)- or VAChT (54%)-positive. Many neurons stained also for CGRP (43 and 45%) or GAL (20% and 18%) and solitary perikarya were NOS-, SOM- or VIP-positive. The myenteric plexus neurons stained for NOS (20%), VAChT (15%), GAL (10%), VIP (7%), SP (6%) or CGRP (solitary neurons), but they were SOM-negative. No intramural neurons immunoreactive to LENK were found. The most remarkable difference in the chemical coding of enteric neurons between the control and dysenteric pigs was a very increased number of GAL- and VAChT-positive nerve cells (up to 61% and 85%, respectively) in submucosal plexuses of the infected animals. The present results suggest that GAL and ACh have a specific role in local neural circuits of the inflamed porcine stomach in the course of swine dysentery.

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“…The stimulatory effect of both peptides is TTX-resistant and probably mediated through the same receptor located on the surface of the smooth-muscle cell. Similar direct myogenic contractile effects of pGal have been described in smooth-muscle strips of human small intestine (ll), human colon (12,13), and human appendix (14). The concentration range of was not significantly modified after COOH-terminal amidation (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Human Galanin Modulates Human Colonic Motility in Vitro Characterization of Structural Requirements

Katsoulis

Clemens

Morys-Wortmann

et al. 1996

Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology

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The Effects of Various Peptides on Human Isolated Gut Muscle

Cited by 16 publications

References 30 publications

Ontogeny of galanin‐immunoreactive elements in the intrinsic nervous system of the chicken gut

Ontogeny of galanin‐immunoreactive elements in the intrinsic nervous system of the chicken gut

The Distribution and Chemical Coding of Intramural Neurons Supplying the Porcine Stomach – the Study on Normal Pigs and on Animals Suffering from Swine Dysentery

Human Galanin Modulates Human Colonic Motility in Vitro Characterization of Structural Requirements

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