The effects of VIP on cyclic AMP and glycogen levels in vertebrate retina

Schorderet, Michel; Hof, P. R.; Magistretti, Pierre J.

doi:10.1016/0196-9781(84)90222-5

Cited by 29 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Although less studied, the neuroactive peptide, peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI), which is derived from a single preprovasoactive intestinal polypeptide precursor (Itoh, Obata, Yanaihara, & Okamoto, ) and encoded by a single VIP/PHI mRNA (Linder et al, ) may also influence visual processing in the retina. In support of this possibility is the co‐expression of PHI and VIP immunoreactivity and mRNA in amacrine cells (Mikkelsen, Larsen, Fahrenkrug, & Møller, ; Pachter et al, ; Casini et al, ) and PHI stimulation of adenylate cyclase activity and cAMP formation in rabbit retina (Schorderet, Hof, & Magistretti, ; Pachter et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Multiple cell types form the VIP amacrine cell population

Müller

Solomon

Sheets

et al. 2017

J of Comparative Neurology

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Amacrine cells are a heterogeneous group of interneurons that form microcircuits with bipolar, amacrine and ganglion cells to process visual information in the inner retina. This study has characterized the morphology, neurochemistry and major cell types of a VIP-ires-Cre amacrine cell population. VIP-tdTomato and -Confetti (Brainbow2.1) mouse lines were generated by crossing a VIP-ires-Cre line with either a Cre-dependent tdTomato or Brainbow2.1 reporter line. Retinal sections and whole-mounts were evaluated by quantitative, immunohistochemical, and intracellular labeling approaches. The majority of tdTomato and Confetti fluorescent cell bodies were in the inner nuclear layer (INL) and a few cell bodies were in the ganglion cell layer (GCL). Fluorescent processes ramified in strata 1, 3, 4, and 5 of the inner plexiform layer (IPL). All tdTomato fluorescent cells expressed syntaxin 1A and GABA-immunoreactivity indicating they were amacrine cells. The average VIP-tdTomato fluorescent cell density in the INL and GCL was 535 and 24 cells/mm , respectively. TdTomato fluorescent cells in the INL and GCL contained VIP-immunoreactivity. The VIP-ires-Cre amacrine cell types were identified in VIP-Brainbow2.1 retinas or by intracellular labeling in VIP-tdTomato retinas. VIP-1 amacrine cells are bistratified, wide-field cells that ramify in strata 1, 4, and 5, VIP-2A and 2B amacrine cells are medium-field cells that mainly ramify in strata 3 and 4, and VIP-3 displaced amacrine cells are medium-field cells that ramify in strata 4 and 5 of the IPL. VIP-ires-Cre amacrine cells form a neuropeptide-expressing cell population with multiple cell types, which are likely to have distinct roles in visual processing.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Multiple cell types form the VIP amacrine cell population

Müller

Solomon

Sheets

et al. 2017

J of Comparative Neurology

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“…It has been shown that the turnover of retinal glycogen varies with the degree of illumination (Goldman & Witkovsky, 1986), that the rate of glycogenolysis in retina can be altered by a number of modulators (Schorderet et al, 1984), and that the glycogen contents vary with the pathophysiological state of the retina (Kaskel et al, 1973;Sosula et al, 1974;Mizuno & Sato, 1975). Thus the apparent rate of gluconeogenesis may be affected secondarily by factors that influence glycogen metabolism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gluconeogenesis in the amphibian retina. Lactate is preferred to glutamate as the gluconeogenic precursor

Goldman

1988

Biochemical Journal

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The capacity for gluconeogenesis in the isolated amphibian retina was found to be approx. 70-fold greater with lactate than with glutamate as the gluconeogenic precursor, 1426 versus 21 pmol of glucose incorporated into glycogen/h per mg of protein. It was also found that 11-15% of the glucosyl units in glycogen are derived from C3 metabolites of the glycolytic pathway, suggesting that lactate is recycled within the retina. In concert with these metabolic observations, a full complement of the gluconeogenic enzymes was detected in retinal homogenates. These included: glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, acetyl-CoA-dependent pyruvate carboxylase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. Agents that regulate the rate of gluconeogenesis in hepatic tissue were tested on the retina. At concentrations of glutamate and lactate that are presumed to be relevant physiologically, it was found that vasoactive intestinal peptide, ionophore A23187 and elevated [K+] each enhanced the rate of gluconeogenesis in Ringer containing 50 microM-glutamate, whereas in Ringer containing 8.5 mM-lactate these agents inhibited the rate of gluconeogenesis. Further, it was found that the classic gluconeogenic hormone glucagon inhibited gluconeogenesis in both glutamate- and lactate-containing Ringer. Retinal energy metabolism was found to be altered in lactate-containing Ringer, in that lactate production was suppressed completely. In addition, glycogen metabolism appeared to be dependent on increased cytosolic Ca2+ and was insensitive to increased retinal cyclic AMP.

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“…34 Furthermore, whereas high-affinity glucagon binding sites have been detected in rat retina, 35 glucagon has not been found to be effective at stimulating cAMP production in rabbit retina. 36 In contrast, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) has been identified in mammalian retinas by immunoassay and immunocytochemistry 37 and stimulates cAMP synthesis with a submicromolar EC 50 in rabbit retinas. 36 Perhaps VIP and its receptor, which are related to (but distinct from) glucagon and its receptor, mediate plus defocus compensation in mammalian retinas, as some have proposed.…”

Section: Possible Relevance To Plus-defocus Compensation In Mammalsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…36 In contrast, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) has been identified in mammalian retinas by immunoassay and immunocytochemistry 37 and stimulates cAMP synthesis with a submicromolar EC 50 in rabbit retinas. 36 Perhaps VIP and its receptor, which are related to (but distinct from) glucagon and its receptor, mediate plus defocus compensation in mammalian retinas, as some have proposed. 38 …”

Section: Possible Relevance To Plus-defocus Compensation In Mammalsmentioning

confidence: 96%