The effects of viscosity of carboxymethyl cellulose on aggregation and transport of nanoscale zerovalent iron

Li, Jing; Bhattacharjee, Sourjya; Ghoshal, Subhasis

doi:10.1016/j.colsurfa.2015.05.023

Cited by 26 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…This, in turn, reduces aggregation by both CMC interaction with free ions in solution and elevation of the solution viscosity, which reduces Brownian motion and particle collisions. 43,52 Free stabilizer in solution was also shown to cause depletion flocculation and increased aggregation. This happens when the distance between two particles is very small, and there is mostly solvent between them.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This last experiment aimed at exploring the possibility of manipulating the CIC migration. CMC–CIC ratios explored are in the range of higher and lower stabilizer loadings considered relevant for field applications. ,,,− …”

Section: Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the manufacturer and sorption tests conducted (Section S7), the maximum CMC loading on CIC is about 6–9 wt %. Excess stabilizer loadings can contribute to particle stability and subsequent mobility due to increased viscosity and increased CMC layer coverage. , In this experiment, the main goal was to explore the maximum potential CIC mobility. Therefore, in light of the saline environment and long travel distance, a high CMC (90 kg/mol) loading of about 80 wt % on CIC mass (initial injection borehole viscosity of 1.9 cP and density of ∼1 g/cm 3 ) was used to ensure high recovery.…”

Section: Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Field Scale Mobility and Transport Manipulation of Carbon-Supported Nanoscale Zerovalent Iron in Fractured Media

Cohen

Weisbrod

2018

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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In field applications, mostly in porous media, transport of stabilized nano zerovalent iron particles (nZVI) has never exceeded a few meters in range. In the present study, the transport of Carbo-Iron Colloids (CIC), a composite material of activated carbon as a carrier for nZVI stabilized by carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), was tested under field conditions. The field site lies within a fractured chalk aquitard characterized by moderately saline (∼13 mS) groundwater. A forced gradient tracer test was conducted where one borehole was pumped at a rate of 8 L/min and CMC-stabilized CIC was introduced at an injection borehole 47 m up-gradient. Two CIC-CMC field applications were conducted: one used high 100% wt CMC (40 g/L) and a second used lower 9% wt loading (∼2.7 g/L). Iodide was injected as a conservative tracer with the CIC-CMC in both cases. The ratio between the CIC-CMC and iodide recovery was 76% and 45% in the high and low CMC loading experiments, respectively. During the low CMC loading experiment, the pumping rate was increased, leading to an additional CIC recovery of 2.5%. The results demonstrate the potentially high mobility of nZVI in fractured environments and the possibility for transport manipulation through the adjustment of stabilizer concentration and transport velocity.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Field Scale Mobility and Transport Manipulation of Carbon-Supported Nanoscale Zerovalent Iron in Fractured Media

Cohen

Weisbrod

2018

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Raychoudhury et al [16] investigated the transport of 0.5 g L −1 bare nZVI particles in soil columns under a pore water velocity of 0.2 cm min −1 , and found negligible mobility as indicated by the <1% nZVI effluent concentration. Several researches have used the Derjaguin, Landau, Verwey, and Overbeek (DLVO) theory to calculate the total interaction energy between nZVI-nZVI particles, to help in the assessment of the stability and transport of nZVI particles in porous media [16,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Flow Rate and Particle Concentration on the Transport and Deposition of Bare and Stabilized Zero-Valent Iron Nanoparticles in Sandy Soil

et al. 2019

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Efficient application of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) particles in remediation processes relies heavily on the ability to modify the surfaces of nZVI particles to enhance their stability and mobility in subsurface layers. We investigated the effect of sodium carboxy-methyl-cellulose (CMC) polymer stabilizer, pH, particle concentration, and flow rate on the transport of nZVI particles in sand columns. Breakthrough curves (BTCs) of nZVI particles indicated that the transport of nZVI particles was increased by the presence of CMC and by increasing the flow rate. The relative concentration (RC) of the eluted CMC-nZVI nanoparticles was larger at pH 9 as compared to RC at pH 7. This is mainly attributed to the increased nZVI particle stability at higher pH due to the increase in the electrostatic repulsion forces and the formation of larger energy barriers. nZVI particle deposition was larger at 0.1 cm min −1 flow due to the increased residence time, which increases the aggregation and settlement of particles. The amount of CMC-nZVI particles eluted from the sand columns was increased by 52% at the maximum flow rate of 1.0 cm min −1 . Bare nZVI were mostly retained in the first millimeters of the soil column, and the amount eluted did not exceed 1.2% of the total amount added. Our results suggest that surface modification of nZVI particles was necessary to increase stability and enhance transport in sandy soil. Nevertheless, a proper flow rate, suitable for the intended remediation efforts, must be considered to minimize nZVI particle deposition and increase remediation efficiency.

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“…Nanoremediation treatment of a contaminant may occur directly as a result of nanoparticle contact, as in the case of nZVI (Pardo et al, 2015), or indirectly through Fenton-like catalysis of a persulfate reaction where the nanoparticle supplies leached iron ions (Al-Shamsi and Thomson, 2013). The challenge of delivering nanoparticles to a treatment zone has spurred significant investigation of coating materials to improve their transport properties (Braun et al, 2015;Johnson et al, 2013;Li et al, 2015;Luna et al, 2015;Su et al, 2015); however, these improvements do not guarantee nanoparticle delivery directly to the NAPL interface, and have led to serious discussion regarding the toxicity risks of releasing mobile nanoparticles into an unrestricted environment (Höss et al, 2015;Karn et al, 2009;Tosco et al, 2014). Based on similarities to nanomedicine, in situ nanoremediation may be improved by the adoption of targeted binding.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeted nanoparticle binding & detection in petroleum hydrocarbon impacted porous media

et al. 2019

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The effects of viscosity of carboxymethyl cellulose on aggregation and transport of nanoscale zerovalent iron

Cited by 26 publications

References 44 publications

Field Scale Mobility and Transport Manipulation of Carbon-Supported Nanoscale Zerovalent Iron in Fractured Media

Field Scale Mobility and Transport Manipulation of Carbon-Supported Nanoscale Zerovalent Iron in Fractured Media

Effect of Flow Rate and Particle Concentration on the Transport and Deposition of Bare and Stabilized Zero-Valent Iron Nanoparticles in Sandy Soil

Targeted nanoparticle binding & detection in petroleum hydrocarbon impacted porous media

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