The effects of visibility conditions, traffic density, and navigational challenge on speed compensation and driving performance in older adults

Trick, Lana M.; Toxopeus, Ryan; Wilson, Denise

doi:10.1016/j.aap.2010.04.005

Cited by 60 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…We found no significant differences in driving performance based on shift length, though this result should be interpreted with some caution given the fact that we used a composite index of a number of risky driving behaviors. Some have more recently found that different aspects of driving performance tap different cognitive resources (e.g., Trick et al 2010) or that different driving outcomes can be differentially affected by various conditions (e.g., Wood et al 2009). We also did not observe any significant differences in shooting performance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An experimental study of compressed work schedules in policing: advantages and disadvantages of various shift lengths

et al. 2011

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Objectives The objectives of this research were to test the impacts of three shift lengths (8-, 10-, and 12-hour) on performance, health, safety, quality of life, sleep, fatigue, alertness, off-duty employment, and overtime among police. Methods This study consisted of a randomized block experimental design. There were 275 participating officers from two large police departments. Data were collected as part of a multi-site clinical trial for which we employed the same protocols in both sites. The blocks included site and time of day of the shift. Unique measures of work performance, safety, and fatigue were collected using laboratorybased simulations collected during the end of the shifts, and self-report instruments were used to capture other outcomes such as health and quality of life. The analysis model we employed was a block randomized ANCOVA in which the pre-test dependent measures served as the covariate. ResultsThe results indicated that those working 10-hour shifts had a significantly higher quality of work life (f=.16) and averaged significantly more sleep (f=.19) than those on 8-hour shifts. Furthermore, those working 8-hour shifts averaged significantly more overtime (f=.42) than did those assigned to 10-and 12-hour shifts. In addition, officers working 12-hour shifts experienced greater levels of sleepiness (f=.20) and reported lower levels of alertness (f=.21) at work than officers on 8-hour shifts.benefits associated with 10-hour shifts did not inure to the 12-hour shifts. Although our study did not reveal any significant effects associated with objective measures of fatigue across shifts, the implementation of 12-hour shifts should be done only after careful consideration of some of the potential concerns. Limitations of this study include lack of information regarding the methods and costs associated with implementation of compressed schedules, and the low level of reliability for driving and shooting simulation exercises. Future research should examine the impact of overtime hours on fatigue, safety, and performance, and ways to more effectively regulate hours of work in policing.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An experimental study of compressed work schedules in policing: advantages and disadvantages of various shift lengths

et al. 2011

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“…Fog as a type of inclement weather, has an enormous negative influence on drivers' visibility, which causes quite a change in driving behavior. Previous studies of driving behavior in fog have focused on drivers' car following performance (Broughton et al, 2007;Kang et al, 2008;Ni et al, 2010), collision avoidance performance (Ni et al, 2012;Mueller and Trick, 2012) and behavior/responses to road sign instructions (Hassan and Abdel-Aty, 2011;Trick et al, 2010). However, little research has investigated how drivers perform on roads with complex alignments such as S-curves when driving in fog.…”

Section: Influence Of Fog On Driving Behavior and Safety On Curvesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effects of fog, driver experience and gender on driving behavior on S-curved road segments

Yan

Wong

2015

Accident Analysis & Prevention

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Driving on curved roads has been recognized as a significant safety issue for many years. However, driver behavior and the interactions among variables that affect driver performance on curves is complicated and not well understood. Previous studies have investigated various factors that influence driver performance on right- or left-turn curves, but have paid little attention to the effects of foggy weather, driver experience and gender on driver performance on complex curves. A driving simulator experiment was conducted in this study to evaluate the relationships between driving behavior on a continuous S-curve and foggy weather, driver experience and gender. The process of negotiating a curve was divided into three stages consisting of a straight segment, the transition from the straight segment to the S-curve and the S-curve. The experimental results indicated that drivers tended to drive more cautiously in heavy fog, but the driving risk was still increased, especially in the transition stage from the straight segment to the S-curve. The non-professional (NP) drivers were less sensitive to the impending change in the road geometry, and less skilled in both longitudinal and lateral vehicle control than the professional drivers. The NP female drivers in particular were found to be the most vulnerable group in S-curve driving.

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“…Drivers' reduction of speed in this environment was seen as a compensatory measure caused by higher task demands. In a driving simulator study, Trick and colleagues (Trick, Toxopeus, & Wilson, 2010) showed that high traffic density leads to longer hazard reaction times and a higher standard deviation of lane position. Radlmayr et al (Radlmayr, Gold, Lorenz, Farid, & Bengler, 2014) investigated the effect of high traffic density during a take-over situation in highly automated driving and found a large increase in take-over time when other road users were present.…”

Section: Situation Complexity As Intensifier Of Age Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of age on the take-over of vehicle control in highly automated driving

Körber

Gold

Lechner

et al. 2016

Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviou

198

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The growing proportion of older drivers in the population plays an increasingly relevant role in road traffic that is currently awaiting the introduction of automated vehicles. In this study, it was investigated how older drivers (≥ 60 years) compared to younger drivers (≤ 28 years) perform in a critical traffic event when driving highly automated. Conditions of the take-over situation were manipulated by adding a verbal non-driving task (20 questions task) and by variation of traffic density. Two age groups consisting of 36 younger and 36 older drivers drove either with or without a non-driving task on a six-lane highway. They encountered three situations with either no, medium or high traffic density where they had to regain vehicle control and evade an obstacle on the road. Older drivers reacted as fast as younger drivers, however, they differed in their modus operandi as they braked more often and more strongly and maintained a higher time-to-collision (TTC). Deterioration of take-over time and quality caused by increased traffic density and engagement in a non-driving task was on the same level for both age groups. Independent of the traffic density, there was a learning effect for both younger and older drivers in a way that the take-over time decreased, minimum TTC increased and maximum lateral acceleration decreased between the first and the last situation of the experiment. Results highlight that older drivers are able to solve critical traffic events as well as younger drivers, yet their modus operandi differs. Nevertheless, both age groups adapt to the experience of take-over situations in the same way.

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The effects of visibility conditions, traffic density, and navigational challenge on speed compensation and driving performance in older adults

Cited by 60 publications

References 60 publications

An experimental study of compressed work schedules in policing: advantages and disadvantages of various shift lengths

An experimental study of compressed work schedules in policing: advantages and disadvantages of various shift lengths

Effects of fog, driver experience and gender on driving behavior on S-curved road segments

The influence of age on the take-over of vehicle control in highly automated driving

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