2024
DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.24175
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The Effects of War‐Related Stress on Human Development: Differences in Body Proportions of Polish Women Born Before and During World War II

Linda Koníková,
Grażyna Liczbińska,
Miroslav Králík

Abstract: ObjectivesThis study aims to explore the lasting effects of stress experienced by pregnant women during World War II (WWII) on body and head measurements of their adult daughters.MethodsThe research sample consists of 336 female university students born in Poland between 1925 and 1951. The data include body measurements and socioeconomic information (parental occupation and number of siblings) acquired from questionnaires collected between the 1950s and 1970s. Student's t‐test, Mann–Whitney test and Analysis o… Show more

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