The effects of water and non‐nutritive sweetened beverages on weight loss and weight maintenance: A randomized clinical trial

Abstract

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of water versus beverages sweetened with non‐nutritive sweeteners (NNS) on body weight in subjects enrolled in a year‐long behavioral weight loss treatment program.MethodsThe study used a randomized equivalence design with NNS or water beverages as the main factor in a trial among 303 weight‐stable people with overweight and obesity. All participants participated in a weight loss program plus assignment to consume 24 ounces (710 ml) of water or NNS beverages daily for 1 year.ResultsNNS and water treatments were non‐equivalent, with NNS treatment showing greater weight loss at the end of 1 year. At 1 year subjects receiving water had maintained a 2.45 ± 5.59 kg weight loss while those receiving NNS beverages maintained a loss of 6.21 ± 7.65 kg (P < 0.001 for difference).ConclusionsWater and NNS beverages were not equivalent for weight loss and maintenance during a 1‐year behavioral treatment program. NNS beverages were superior for weight loss and weight maintenance in a population consisting of regular users of NNS beverages who either maintained or discontinued consumption of these beverages and consumed water during a structured weight loss program. These results suggest that NNS beverages can be an effective tool for weight loss and maintenance within the context of a weight management program.

Nonnutritive sweeteners and cardiometabolic health: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and prospective cohort studies

“…13 Several studies involving more than 100 000 new participants and representing several new geographic settings have since been published. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] Our objective was to synthesize evidence addressing this question: Is routine consumption of nonnutritive sweeteners by adults and adolescents associated with adverse long-term cardiometabolic effects in RCTs and prospective cohort studies?…”

“…Weight Among 5 RCTs evaluating interventions using nonnutritive sweeteners in participants who were obese, 19,20,34,35,38 there was no consistent effect on change in weight (standardized MD -0.17; 95% CI -0.54 to 0.21; I 2 81%; 5 trials; 791 participants) ( Table 3, Figure 2C). Heterogeneity across the 5 trials was partially explained by differences in study duration: 2 longer trials 19,38 showed significant weight loss over 16 to 24 months of the intervention (standardized MD -0.55, 95% CI -0.75 to -0.34; I 2 0%; 2 trials), and 3 shorter (6 mo) trials 20,34,35 showed no effect for the use of nonnutritive sweeteners (standardized MD 0.13, 95% CI -0.34 to 0.59; I 2 65%; 3 trials) (p for subgroup differences = 0.009; Appendix 1, Table S6).…”

“…Heterogeneity across the 5 trials was partially explained by differences in study duration: 2 longer trials 19,38 showed significant weight loss over 16 to 24 months of the intervention (standardized MD -0.55, 95% CI -0.75 to -0.34; I 2 0%; 2 trials), and 3 shorter (6 mo) trials 20,34,35 showed no effect for the use of nonnutritive sweeteners (standardized MD 0.13, 95% CI -0.34 to 0.59; I 2 65%; 3 trials) (p for subgroup differences = 0.009; Appendix 1, Table S6). Weight-loss effects also tended to be Citations identified and screened n = 11 774…”

“…• Studies of children < 12 yr of age n = 307 stronger in RCTs with industry sponsorship 19,34,38 (standardized MD -0.37; 95% CI -0.71 to -0.03; I 2 77%; 3 trials) compared with RCTs that were not funded by industry 20,35 (standardized MD 0.30, 95% CI -0.38 to 0.99; I 2 55%; 2 trials) (p for subgroup differences = 0.09; Appendix 1, Table S6). Notably, both longer-term RCTs were funded by industry, 19,38 making it impossible to isolate the effect of trial duration and industry sponsorship in subgroup analyses.…”

Rol De La Stevia Y L-Carnitina Sobre El Impacto Glicémico De Un Suplemento Nutricional en Adultos

“…En este sentido, es importante no perder de vista el impacto de la incorporación de bebidas y alimentos que contienen edulcorantes no nutritivos (NNS) en la calidad de la dieta evaluando beneficios y riesgos (34) para la salud (35). A pesar de que las intervenciones a corto plazo sugieren que el uso de NNS puede ser útil para apoyar la reducción de la ingesta energética y para promover el control glucémico y del peso (35,36), se ha creado una gran controversia, especialmente en cortes longitudinales que correlacionaron su consumo con la obesidad o con la DM2 (37 ción controvertida de mecanismos periféricos y centrales, tras el argumento de que estos no son compuestos fisiológicamen-te inertes, con potencial acción sobre el equilibrio energético influyendo en receptores orales y extraorales del sabor dulce y efectos sobre la secreción hormonal, así como la posible inducción a la conducta adictiva a través de los receptores opioides (38). Sin embargo, se requieren más estudios directos de este tipo sobre la estevia, específicamente en humanos.…”