The effects of water level on the growth and reproduction of <i>Scirpus maritimus</i> var. <i>paludosus</i>

Lieffers, Victor J.; Shay, Jennifer M.

doi:10.1139/b81-019

Cited by 86 publications

(38 citation statements)

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“…In this period plants frotn stnall tubers allocated relatively more biomass to the first shoot than to secondary shoots as compared to plants grown frotn latge tubers. Abortion of secondary shoots in deep water as repotted by Lieffers & Shay (1981) did not occur in the presetit study.…”

Section: Submerged Photosynthetic Period: F-values Of Anova and Mementioning

confidence: 65%

Growth, photosynthesis and carbohydrate utilization in submerged Scirpus maritimus L. during spring growth

1995

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SUMMARYThe importance of underwater photosynthesis and the use of reserve-carhohydrates were assessed in submerged Scirpus maritimtis L. during spring growth. Submerged plants were grown in outdoor ponds (90 cm deep) using different initial tuber sizes (mean 8-9 and 16-2 g f. wt) and different light treatments (0, 40, 70 and 100'\, of full daylight). After shoot emergence the recovery frotn shading and darkness was studied.The period of submerged growth lasted 9 wk. During this period the ineat-i relative growth rate (RGR) was independently affected hy shading and tuher size. At the end of this period dry weight of plants grown in darkness was only 50 "i, of that of plants grown in full daylight or shade (70 or 40 "" of full daylight), whereas that of plants from small tubers was only 67 % of that from large ones. As a result plants grown fron-i small tubers in darkness had only 33 % of the dry weight of those grown from large tubers in full daylight or shade.Despite these large differences in total dry weight at the end of the submerged period, shoot length remained unafleeted hy shading and tuher size. Shoots grown in darkness were strongly etiolated, with a slower rate of leaf appearance, but with longer leaves, than those grown in full daylight or shade. Only after emergence was shoot length as well as dry matter production greater in plants grown previously in full daylight or shade than in darkness, and greater in plants grown from large than from small tubers.During the submerged period, the relative depletion rate of reserve-carbohydrates increased with time but remained unaffected by shading and tuber size. The reserve-carbohydrates were replenished after plants etnerged.It was concluded that both underwater photosynthesis and tuber size had a large impact on total drv matter production in S. mciritimus. They did not, however, affect the ability of 5. maritimus to emerge frotn 90 em deep water.

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Section: Submerged Photosynthetic Period: F-values Of Anova and Mementioning

confidence: 65%

Growth, photosynthesis and carbohydrate utilization in submerged Scirpus maritimus L. during spring growth

1995

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“…Water levels and salinity are important determinants for the establishment and distribution of alkali bulrush [26][27][28][29][30]. Bolboschoenus maritimus established best in shallow (depth: 5-15 cm) water, but persisted in moderately deep water (30-40 cm) and was found in water as deep as 60 cm [27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The competitive ability of B. maritimus against taller macrophytes (Typha angustifolia L. [28], P. australis [29,30]) declined when plants were continuously inundated with freshwater. In general, sedges are tolerant of anaerobic soils that limit the occurrence of some other macrophytes in continuously flooded habitats [31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, sedges are tolerant of anaerobic soils that limit the occurrence of some other macrophytes in continuously flooded habitats [31]. Bolboschoenus maritimus can persist in continuously flooded environments; however, rhizome biomass and aerial shoot length and biomass decline with longer periods of daily inundation in saline tidal environments [27,29,32]. Mean stem length of B. maritimus and two grass species increased directly with water depth [33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Integrated Mosquito Management in Experimental Constructed Wetlands: Efficacy of Small-Stature Macrophytes and Fluctuating Hydroperiod

Walton

Duguma

Tao

et al. 2016

Water

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Abstract:The impact of small-stature alkali bulrush (Bolboschoenus maritimus) and two hydroperiod treatments (early season raised water level or ambient water level) on mosquito production and water quality was studied in replicate 0.09 ha free water surface (FWS) treatment wetlands. Following reconfiguration of a 1-ha constructed wetland into a system with six replicate wetlands, bulrush was planted on 0.5-m centers in three 5-m wide bands in each wetland in summer, 2012. Open water and the low density of emergent vegetation effectively limited mosquito production from the bands of B. maritimus in each wetland during summer and autumn of year one. After the autumnal senescence of the bulrush culms, water levels were raised in half of the wetlands during winter and early spring to enhance sinking of dead bulrush biomass to reduce harborage for mosquitoes. Macrophyte coverage continued to increase in both hydroperiod treatments during year two, but non-bulrush species proliferated and eventually overgrew B. maritimus. Immature mosquito abundance in dipper samples from wetlands in the raised water level treatment was greater than from wetlands in the constant water level treatment. During spring of year two, adult mosquito production was associated with volunteer vegetation in the center of the test cells and averaged 6-18 mosquitoes m −2 ·day −1 , approximately twice that of the other treatment. Hydrological regime did not significantly affect water quality performance (removal of nitrogen, phosphorus and chemical oxygen demand) in the wetlands. Alkali bulrush can persist in shallow water (depth < 0.2 m), but did not persist in deeper zones (mean depth > 0.4 m) of the wetlands and after comparatively large stature grasses and cattails colonized the wetlands. Raised planting beds interspersed with zones of deeper water are recommended to facilitate persistence of alkali bulrush and to limit proliferation of superior competitors.

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“…Similar results were found in other macrophytes, including emergent Scirpus maritimus var. paludosus (Lieffers & Shay 1981) and Phragmites australis (Vretare et al 2001), floatingleaved Nymphoides peltata (Xiao et. al.…”

Section: Vegetative and Sexual Reproductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological and reproductive differences among three charophyte species in response to variation in water depth

Wang¹,

Liu²,

Yu³

2015

Aquat. Biol.

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Some charophyte species reproduce sexually by oospores and vegetatively by bulbils, and the proportion of branch whorls that contain reproductive organs can be used as quantitative measures of the degree of sexual reproduction. We examined inter-specific differences in the proportion of bulbils (PB) by total weight and the proportion of branch whorls containing gametangia (PG) or oospores (PO), as well as morphological and physiological differences among 3 charophyte species (Chara vulgaris Linnaeus, Chara braunii Gmelin, and Nitella gracilens Morioka) responding to variation in water depth (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, and 3 m) in an outdoor experiment. A 2-way ANOVA contrasting species and water depth revealed that shoot elongation and the chlorophyll a to carotenoid (chl a/caro) ratio were primarily affected by water depth. However, variation among species contributed more than water depth to the differences in weight, sexual reproduction (PG and PO), and the chl a/chl b ratio. Additionally, variation among species contributed almost equally to the differences in PB that occurred among different water depths. Both Chara species extended their shoots and increased their PB in response to increasing water depth (from 0.5 to 1.5 m). However, deeper water (2 and 3 m) led to elongated shoots as well as decreased PB, PG, and PO. For N. gracilens, elongated shoots with increased water depth (from 0.5 to 3 m) occurred at the expense of both vegetative (decreased PB) and sexual reproduction (reduced PG and PO).

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The effects of water level on the growth and reproduction of Scirpus maritimus var. paludosus

Cited by 86 publications

References 0 publications

Growth, photosynthesis and carbohydrate utilization in submerged Scirpus maritimus L. during spring growth

Growth, photosynthesis and carbohydrate utilization in submerged Scirpus maritimus L. during spring growth

Integrated Mosquito Management in Experimental Constructed Wetlands: Efficacy of Small-Stature Macrophytes and Fluctuating Hydroperiod

Morphological and reproductive differences among three charophyte species in response to variation in water depth

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