Abstract:The objective of this study was to analyze the influence of wearing a medical mask on masticatory and neck muscle activity in healthy young women. We recruited 66 healthy women aged from 18 to 30 years (mean 23.6 ± 2.3 years). The temporalis anterior (TA), the superficial part of the masseter muscle (MM), the anterior bellies of the digastric muscle (DA), and the middle part of the sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) potentials were recorded at rest and during functional activity using an eight-channel device for… Show more
“…sEMG electrodes (Ag/AgCl) with a conductive surface of 16 mm (SORIMEX, Torun, Poland) were placed bilaterally on the skin, covering the examined muscle groups. Four pairs of masticatory and neck muscles were analyzed: temporalis muscle (the anterior part-TA), the masseter muscle (the superficial part-MM), the digastric muscle (the anterior belly-DA), and the sternocleidomastoid muscle (the middle part-SCM), according to the SENIAM (surface EMG for noninvasive assessment of muscles) standards and our previous work [ 28 , 29 ]. The reference sEMG electrode was put on the forehead in the middle of the frontal bone [ 30 ] ( Figure 3 ).…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Bioelectric muscle activity was measured during the resting mandibular position (10 seconds), maximal voluntary clenching in the intercuspal position (as hard as possible; 3 × 3 seconds, 2 seconds break), maximal voluntary clenching on dental cotton rollers (as hard as possible; 3 × 3 seconds, 2 seconds break), and maximal mouth opening (as wide as possible; 3 × 3 seconds, 2 seconds break). The averaged results from three measurements were used in the statistical calculations [ 16 , 29 ]. An open eye and closed-eye test were conducted with a 5-minute break between tests.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The sEMG noise was reduced by 40 dB using the digital Noise Buster BioPAK measurement system. The electromyography signal processing based on root means square (RMS) calculations produced average bioelectrical values, which were then used for statistical analyses [ 29 ]. The strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) checklist was used to assess the procedural quality of the research [ 31 ].…”
Objective. The present study aimed to evaluate the correlation of eye length and bioelectric activity of temporalis, masseter, digastric, and sternocleidomastoid muscles in women with myopia compared to healthy women. Methods. Based on the exclusion and inclusion criteria, 42 women aged 24 years (±2 years) were eligible for the study. Two equally sized groups with myopic (n = 21) and emmetropic healthy subjects (n = 21) were formed. An electromyographic study of the examined muscles was performed in four conditions: at rest, during maximal voluntary clenching in the intercuspal position, during maximal voluntary clenching on dental cotton rollers, and during maximal mouth opening using BioEMG III (BioResearch Associates, Inc. Milwaukee, WI, USA). The IOL Master 500 (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany) was used to examine the eyeball length. Statistical analysis showed significant positive correlations during mouth opening in both groups with open and closed eyes. Results. A greater number of correlations between the analyzed variables was observed in emmetropic women. In almost all cases, the longer axial eye length was associated with an increase in the bioelectrical activity of the analyzed muscles. Significant correlations were most often observed within the masseter and digastric muscles during the maximum mouth opening and at rest. Conclusion. There is a relationship between the bioelectrical activity of the masticatory muscles and the axial length of the eyeball on the same side.
“…sEMG electrodes (Ag/AgCl) with a conductive surface of 16 mm (SORIMEX, Torun, Poland) were placed bilaterally on the skin, covering the examined muscle groups. Four pairs of masticatory and neck muscles were analyzed: temporalis muscle (the anterior part-TA), the masseter muscle (the superficial part-MM), the digastric muscle (the anterior belly-DA), and the sternocleidomastoid muscle (the middle part-SCM), according to the SENIAM (surface EMG for noninvasive assessment of muscles) standards and our previous work [ 28 , 29 ]. The reference sEMG electrode was put on the forehead in the middle of the frontal bone [ 30 ] ( Figure 3 ).…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Bioelectric muscle activity was measured during the resting mandibular position (10 seconds), maximal voluntary clenching in the intercuspal position (as hard as possible; 3 × 3 seconds, 2 seconds break), maximal voluntary clenching on dental cotton rollers (as hard as possible; 3 × 3 seconds, 2 seconds break), and maximal mouth opening (as wide as possible; 3 × 3 seconds, 2 seconds break). The averaged results from three measurements were used in the statistical calculations [ 16 , 29 ]. An open eye and closed-eye test were conducted with a 5-minute break between tests.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The sEMG noise was reduced by 40 dB using the digital Noise Buster BioPAK measurement system. The electromyography signal processing based on root means square (RMS) calculations produced average bioelectrical values, which were then used for statistical analyses [ 29 ]. The strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) checklist was used to assess the procedural quality of the research [ 31 ].…”
Objective. The present study aimed to evaluate the correlation of eye length and bioelectric activity of temporalis, masseter, digastric, and sternocleidomastoid muscles in women with myopia compared to healthy women. Methods. Based on the exclusion and inclusion criteria, 42 women aged 24 years (±2 years) were eligible for the study. Two equally sized groups with myopic (n = 21) and emmetropic healthy subjects (n = 21) were formed. An electromyographic study of the examined muscles was performed in four conditions: at rest, during maximal voluntary clenching in the intercuspal position, during maximal voluntary clenching on dental cotton rollers, and during maximal mouth opening using BioEMG III (BioResearch Associates, Inc. Milwaukee, WI, USA). The IOL Master 500 (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany) was used to examine the eyeball length. Statistical analysis showed significant positive correlations during mouth opening in both groups with open and closed eyes. Results. A greater number of correlations between the analyzed variables was observed in emmetropic women. In almost all cases, the longer axial eye length was associated with an increase in the bioelectrical activity of the analyzed muscles. Significant correlations were most often observed within the masseter and digastric muscles during the maximum mouth opening and at rest. Conclusion. There is a relationship between the bioelectrical activity of the masticatory muscles and the axial length of the eyeball on the same side.
“…As we previously reported, wearing a medical mask influences the resting activity of the temporalis anterior and masseter muscles in healthy young women [ 10 ]. However, our research did not analyze subjects with stomatognathic dysfunctions, such as temporomandibular disorders (TMDs).…”
Wearing a medical mask influences resting activity of the temporalis anterior and masseter muscles in healthy young women. However, no studies link medical mask-wearing with masticatory muscle activity in patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). Therefore, this study aims to compare electromyographic patterns while wearing a medical mask between women with and without temporomandibular disorders. Based on the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders, 115 adult women qualified for the study. Participants were divided into the following two groups: diagnosed TMDs (n = 55; mean age: 23.5 ± 2.3 years) and healthy women (n = 60; mean age: 23.7 ± 2.6 years). Examinations of the resting and functional electromyographic activity of the temporalis anterior (TA), superficial masseter (MM), anterior bellies of the digastric muscle (DA), and the middle part of the sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) were carried out using the BioEMG III™. Both groups showed statistically significant decreases in resting masticatory muscle activity during medical mask examination compared to no mask measurement. The significant differences in no mask measurement between both groups were noted regarding resting masticatory activity, clenching in the intercuspal position, and clenching on dental cotton rollers. During medical mask examination, women with TMDs showed differences in resting masticatory activity and clenching on dental cotton rollers compared to the healthy group. In all analyzed variables, both groups showed similar electromyographic patterns in the maximum mouth opening measurement during medical mask and no mask examination. A medical mask influences the resting bioelectric activity of the masticatory muscles in women with temporomandibular disorders and healthy women. We observed differences and some similarities in resting and functional electromyographic patterns within masticatory and neck muscles in both groups during medical mask and no mask examination.
“…While TMD and its multifactorial pathoetiology are related to facial morphology, dental occlusion, and psychological and neuromuscular disease, the authors suggest adding mask-related repetitive jaw movements into consideration of the management of TMD as a psychosocial factor. Although a contradictory finding was reported that they found significant decrease in resting temporalis anterior and masseter muscle activity during mask wearing, the observation was only made throughout a period of 4 hours, and only healthy, young females were included in the study, 3 making it insufficient to draw a conclusion on correlation between mask wearing and muscle activity. Figure 1 Temporomandibular joint activities during frequent mouth opening and protrusive jaw movement for frequent mask adjustment (created with BioRender.com ).…”
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