The Effects of Weight Loss<i>Versus</i>Weight Loss Maintenance on Sympathetic Nervous System Activity and Metabolic Syndrome Components

Straznicky, Nora E.; Grima, Mariee; Eikelis, Nina; Nestel, Paul J.; Dawood, Tye; Schlaich, Markus P.; Chopra, Reena; Masuo, Kazuko; Esler, Murray; Sari, Carolina Ika; Lambert, Gavin W.; Lambert, Elisabeth

doi:10.1210/jc.2010-2204

Cited by 97 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Although caloric intake was similar among groups, it is noticeable that chronic fructose consumption results in altered production and secretion of appetite regulating hormones and peptides, for instance, ghrelin, leptin, and PYY, thus contributing to fat and weight gain (20). Furthermore, several studies identified in obese subjects an increase in plasma catecholamine levels (35,37), cardiovascular autonomic abnormalities, and activation in renin-angiotensin system (18). Moreover, the sympathetic nervous system seems to play a primary role in metabolic and cardiovascular alterations present in metabolic syndrome (18,23,29).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preventive role of exercise training in autonomic, hemodynamic, and metabolic parameters in rats under high risk of metabolic syndrome development

Moraes‐Silva

Mostarda

Moreira

et al. 2013

Journal of Applied Physiology

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Moraes-Silva IC, Mostarda C, Moreira ED, Silva KAS, dos Santos F, de Angelis K, Farah VMA V, Irigoyen MC. Preventive role of exercise training in autonomic, hemodynamic, and metabolic parameters in rats under high risk of metabolic syndrome development. J Appl Physiol 114: 786 -791, 2013. First published January 17, 2013 doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00586.2012.-High fructose consumption contributes to metabolic syndrome incidence, whereas exercise training promotes several beneficial adaptations. In this study, we demonstrated the preventive role of exercise training in the metabolic syndrome derangements in a rat model. Wistar rats receiving fructose overload in drinking water (100 g/l) were concomitantly trained on a treadmill (FT) or kept sedentary (F) for 10 wk. Control rats treated with normal water were also submitted to exercise training (CT) or sedentarism (C). Metabolic evaluations consisted of the Lee index and glycemia and insulin tolerance test (kITT). Blood pressure (BP) was directly measured, whereas heart rate (HR) and BP variabilities were evaluated in time and frequency domains. Renal sympathetic nerve activity was also recorded. F rats presented significant alterations compared with all the other groups in insulin resistance (in mg·dl Ϫ1 ·min Ϫ1 : F: 3.4 Ϯ 0.2; C: 4.7 Ϯ 0.2; CT: 5.0 Ϯ 0.5 FT: 4.6 Ϯ 0.4), mean BP (in mmHG: F: 117 Ϯ 2; C: 100 Ϯ 2; CT: 98 Ϯ 2; FT: 105 Ϯ 2), and Lee index (in g/mm: F ϭ 0.31 Ϯ 0.001; C ϭ 0.29 Ϯ 0.001; CT ϭ 0.27 Ϯ 0.002; FT ϭ 0.28 Ϯ 0.002), confirming the metabolic syndrome diagnosis. Exercise training blunted all these derangements. Additionally, FS group presented autonomic dysfunction in relation to the others, as seen by an ϳ50% decrease in baroreflex sensitivity and 24% in HR variability, and increases in sympathovagal balance (140%) and in renal sympathetic nerve activity (45%). These impairments were not observed in FT group, as well as in C and CT. Correlation analysis showed that both Lee index and kITT were associated with vagal impairment caused by fructose. Therefore, exercise training plays a preventive role in both autonomic and hemodynamic alterations related to the excessive fructose consumption.fructose; exercise training; autonomic nervous system SEVERAL STUDIES HAVE SHOWN that poor eating habits and a large increase in fructose consumption in recent years has contributed to the epidemic of metabolic syndrome (2, 5). These unhealthy habits may result in physiological changes that contribute to a higher morbidity and mortality in humans (14). Among these changes, increase of blood pressure, plasma lipids, obesity, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and hyperinsulinemia are the most evident. Additionally, studies have shown an association between these factors as hyperinsulinemia and hypertension, in both humans and animals (10, 21, 36), indicating that once these alterations are present, the higher is the incidence of cardiovascular diseases.Autonomic nervous system dysfunction also accompanies these metabolic disturbances. Our research group has ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preventive role of exercise training in autonomic, hemodynamic, and metabolic parameters in rats under high risk of metabolic syndrome development

Moraes‐Silva

Mostarda

Moreira

et al. 2013

Journal of Applied Physiology

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“…Taken together, activation of the sympathetic nervous system is an important factor in the onset and development of obesity-related renal injury, 7,20,22,23 and hence WL Renal function during weight loss K Masuo et al programs should be initiated and convey some degree of renal protection in the overweight/obese patient. Glomerular hyperfiltration, 41 hyperleptinemia, 43,44 insulin resistance 30 and stimulation of the RAS, 21,45 accompanying heightened sympathetic nervous activity, may contribute to renal injury in obesity. It has been documented that the RAS is linked to obesity and its activity is reduced in association with WL.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of weight loss on renal function in overweight Japanese men

et al. 2011

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Obesity is known as an independent risk factor for renal injury. Sympathetic nerve activation may have an important role of the pathogenesis of obesity, and hypertension may underpin the development of cardiovascular events. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of weight loss (WL) on renal function, especially focusing on sympathetic nervous activity. In 154 overweight or obese Japanese men (89 normotensive and 65 untreated mild hypertensive subjects), body weight, body mass index (BMI), total body fat mass, blood pressure (BP), serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine clearance (CCr) (calculated with the Cockcroft-Gault equation) and plasma norepinephrine (NE) were measured before and after a 12-month period of WL with a mild caloric-restricted diet and exercise. A significant WL was defined as 10% or more WL compared with the entry period. In total, 97 (63.0%) subjects succeeded in significant (by 14.3%) WL at 12 months, and 57 subjects (37.0%) did not succeed in significant WL but they lost 7.7% weight. At entry, levels of plasma NE, serum creatinine and fat mass were significantly lower and CCr was greater in the group with a significant WL compared with those without WL. BMI, total body fat mass and plasma NE significantly decreased, and CCr increased with WL. At both baseline and at the 12-month period, fat mass and plasma NE negatively correlated with CCr and positively correlated with creatinine at each time point. Changes in fat mass and plasma NE over 12 months correlated with changes in creatinine, and only changes in fat mass negatively correlated with changes in CCr. Basal fat mass and plasma NE correlated positively with serum creatinine at 12 months and negatively with CCr at the same time point. In multiple regression analyses, basal plasma NE and fat mass were significant determinants of serum creatinine levels and CCr at 12 months.In conclusion, WL improved renal function (as evident from measures of creatinine and CCr) in overweight individuals. Basal plasma NE levels and total body fat mass could be predictors for improvement in renal function associated with WL. Suppression of sympathetic nervous activation associated with WL may have a role in the ameliorative effects on renal function.

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“…Recently, Straznicky et al [79] and Masuo et al [80 have shown that a low caloric diet and exercise exert different effects on insulin resistance, the RAAS, and sympathetic nervous activity in obese hypertensive subjects, even though similar weight loss were observed.…”

Section: Lifestyle Modification For Weight Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatments for Hypertension in Type 2 Diabetes-Non-Pharmacological and Pharmacological Measurements

Masuo

2011

Recent Advances in the Pathogenesis, Prevention and Management of Type 2 Diabetes and Its Complications

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The Effects of Weight LossVersusWeight Loss Maintenance on Sympathetic Nervous System Activity and Metabolic Syndrome Components

Abstract: Divergent effects of successful weight loss maintenance on whole-body norepinephrine spillover rate and MSNA suggest organ-specific differentiation in SNS adaptation to weight loss under conditions of negative vs. stable energy balance.

Cited by 97 publications

References 22 publications

Preventive role of exercise training in autonomic, hemodynamic, and metabolic parameters in rats under high risk of metabolic syndrome development

Preventive role of exercise training in autonomic, hemodynamic, and metabolic parameters in rats under high risk of metabolic syndrome development

Effects of weight loss on renal function in overweight Japanese men

Treatments for Hypertension in Type 2 Diabetes-Non-Pharmacological and Pharmacological Measurements

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