The hydrostatic pressure
exerted during the drilling operation
is controlled by adding a weighting agent into drilling fluids. Various
weighting materials such as barite, calcium carbonate, hematite, and
ilmenite are used to increase the density of drilling fluids. Some
weighting additives can cause serious drilling problems, including
particle settling, formation damage, erosion, and insoluble filters.
In this study, anhydrite (calcium sulfate) is used as a weighting
additive in the oil-based drilling fluid (OBDF). Anhydrite is an abundantly
available resource used in the preparation of desiccant, plaster of
Paris, and Stucco. Anhydrite application in drilling fluids is discouraged
because of its filter cake removal issue. This study investigated
anhydrite (anhydrous CaSO
4
) as a weighting agent and its
filter cake removal procedure for OBDFs. The anhydrite performance
as a weighting agent in OBDFs was evaluated by conducting several
laboratory experiments such as density, rheology, fluid loss, and
electrical stability and compared with that of commonly used weighting
materials (barite, calcium carbonate, and hematite). The anhydrite
was mixed in three different concentrations (62, 124, and 175 ppb)
in a base-drilling fluid. The results showed that calcium sulfate
enhanced rheological parameters such as plastic viscosity, yield point,
apparent viscosity, and gel strength. CaSO
4
reduced the
fluid loss and provided better control over the fluid loss than other
tested weighting materials tested at the same concentration of 124
ppb. Similarly, the emulsion stability was decreased with the increase
in the amount of calcium sulfate in the OBDF. The calcium sulfate
filter cake can be removed easily from the wellbore with an efficiency
of 83 to 91% in single-stage and multistage removal processes, respectively
using the newly developed formulation consisting of 20 wt % potassium
salt of glutamic acid-N,N-diacetic acid (K
4
GLDA) as a chelating
agent, 6 wt % potassium carbonate, and 10% ethylene glycol monobutyl
ether. The introduction of anhydrite as a weighting agent can be more
beneficial for both academia and industry.