The effects of wildfire, salvage logging, and post-fire N-fixation on the nutrient budgets of a Sierran forest

Johnson, Dale W.; Murphy, James; Susfalk, R. B.; Caldwell, Todd; Miller, W. W.; Walker, R. F.; Powers, Robert F.

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2005.08.011

Cited by 82 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…same sampling plots, replications, etc.) as were used in previous studies for biomass, C, and N stock quantification (Johnson et al, 1997(Johnson et al, , 2001(Johnson et al, , 2005Murphy et al, 2006) to be able to scale up Hg concentrations to ecosystem-level pools (see below). Samples were taken in 4 replicate plots in each site (with the exception of 3 replicate plots in the Little Valley intact site), and 3 random locations within each replicate plot were sampled for one pooled sample per plot; i.e.…”

Section: Sample Collection For Measurement Of Hg C and N Mass Ratiomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For scaling measured Hg concentrations and Hg/C ratios to the level of ecosystems, we used previous data from studies with detailed quantification of above-and belowground biomass and nutrient pools (Johnson et al, 2005;Murphy et al, 2006). In the two adjacent Truckee sites, replicate circular plots of 0.04 ha in size were established in the intact and post-fire sites and four replicate plots each were estimation (per unit area) and for determination of soil properties (Johnson et al, 2008;Murphy et al, 2006).…”

Section: Scaling Of Measured Hg and C Concentrations To The Ecosystemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Soil samples were oven dried at 55 • C until stable weight for calculation of bulk density to calculate areabased soil mass. In the Little Valley sites, replicate plots of 0.1 ha were established both in the intact (three plots) and post-fire site (four plots) with similar slopes and exposures (Johnson et al, 2005). Two sites (post-fire) and one site (intact) were sampled for biomass and soil mass in 1997 while two more sites each were sampled in 2001.…”

Section: Scaling Of Measured Hg and C Concentrations To The Ecosystemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the post-fire shrub plots, six randomly established 1 m 2 subplots were destructively harvested for all aboveground biomass by cutting all aboveground vegetation (sorted by species and component -foliage and woody) for estimation of dry mass. Litter (by horizons) was sampled with 15 cm diameter litter rings, and soils were removed (0-7 cm, 7-2 cm, 20-40 cm) and soil mass estimated for each horizon were measured by the quantitative pit method (Johnson et al, 2005). By using estimated biomass pools from these previous studies, calculated ecosystem-levels of Hg represent pools that were present at the sites in the years 2001/2002 and 1997/2001, respectively.…”

Section: Scaling Of Measured Hg and C Concentrations To The Ecosystemmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mercury concentrations and pools in four Sierra Nevada forest sites, and relationships to organic carbon and nitrogen

2009

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Abstract. This study presents data on mercury (Hg) concentrations, stochiometric relations to carbon (C) and nitrogen (N), and Hg pool sizes in four Sierra Nevada forest sites of similar exposure and precipitation regimes, and hence similar atmospheric deposition, to evaluate how ecosystem parameters control Hg retention in ecosystems. In all four sites, the largest amounts of Hg reside in soils which account for 94-98% of ecosystem pools. Hg concentrations and Hg/C ratios increase in the following order: Green Needles/Leaves

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Section: Sample Collection For Measurement Of Hg C and N Mass Ratiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Scaling Of Measured Hg and C Concentrations To The Ecosystemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Scaling Of Measured Hg and C Concentrations To The Ecosystemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Scaling Of Measured Hg and C Concentrations To The Ecosystemmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mercury concentrations and pools in four Sierra Nevada forest sites, and relationships to organic carbon and nitrogen

2009

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“…Tree biomass was estimated from measurements of diameter at breast height (dbh, or 137 cm) within each plot and applying the regression equations provided by Gholz et al (1979) which were checked for accuracy for local trees (Johnson et al, 2005). Preharvest tree biomass was estimated from stump diameters which were in turn regressed against dbh from existing live trees and, dbh values where then used to calculate biomass of trees removed in the harvest .…”

Section: Vegetation Biomass and Nutrient Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effets combinés de l’éclaircie et des feux prescrits sur les budgets de carbone et de nutriments

et al. 2008

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-• Both burning and harvesting cause carbon and nutrient removals from forest ecosystems, but few studies have addressed the combination of these effects. For a Pinus jeffreyii forest in the Sierra Nevada Mountains of California, we posed the question: what are the relative impacts of thinning and subsequent burning on carbon and nutrient removals?• The thinning methods included whole-tree thinning (WT, where all aboveground biomass was removed) cut to length (CTL, where branches and foliage were left on site in a slash mat on top of skid trails) and no harvest (CONT). Total C and nutrient exports with thinning and burning were greater in the WT and CTL than in the CONT treatments. Total C and N removals were approximately equal for the WT and CTL treatments, although harvesting dominated exports in the WT treatment and burning dominated exports in the CTL treatment. Total removals of P, K, Ca, Mg and S were greatest in the WT treatments, where harvesting dominated removals.• Comparisons of nutrient removals with ecosystem capital and calculations of potential replenishment by atmospheric deposition suggested that N is the nutrient likely to be most depleted by harvesting and burning treatments.harvesting / prescribed fire / nutrients / Pinus jeffreyii / Sierra Nevada Mountains Résumé -Effets combinés de l'éclaircie et des feux prescrits sur les budgets de carbone et de nutriments.• L'un et l'autre, le brûlage et les récoltes, causent un enlèvement important de carbone et de nutriments dans les écosystèmes forestiers, mais peu de travaux se sont attelés à l'étude de la combinaison de ces effets. Pour une forêt de Pinus jeffreyii nous posons la question suivante : quels sont les impacts relatifs d'une éclaircie et d'un brûlage ultérieur sur l'enlèvement du carbone et des nutriments, dans les Montagnes de la Sierra Nevada en Californie ?• Les méthodes d'éclaircie comprennent : éclaircie totale des arbres (WT, toute la biomasse au-dessus du sol est enlevée), coupe à la dimension désirée (CTL, branches et feuillage ont été laissés sur site en andains) et pas de récolte (CONT). L'exportation totale de carbone et de nutriments avec éclaircie et brûlage dans les traitements WT et CTL a été plus importante que dans le traitement CONT. Les sommes totales de carbone et d'azote enlevées ont été approximativement les mêmes pour les traitements WT et CTL, bien que la récolte est été prédominante dans les exportations pour le traitement WT et que le brûlage soit prédominant dans les exportations pour le traitement CTL. Le total des enlèvements de P, K, Ca, Mg et S dans le traitement WT a été le plus grand dans les traitements WT où la récolte était plus importante que l'enlèvement.• La comparaison des nutriments enlevés par rapport au capital de l'écosystème et le calculs de réapprovisionnement par des apports atmosphériques suggère que l'azote (N) est le nutriment probablement le plus épuisé par les traitements de récolte et de brûlage.récolte / feux prescrits / nutriments / Pinus jeffreyii / montagnes de la Sierra ...

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Forest restoration treatments have subtle long‐term effects on soil C and N cycling in mixed conifer forests

Ganzlin

Gundale

Becknell

et al. 2016

Ecological Applications

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Decades of fire suppression following extensive timber harvesting have left much of the forest in the intermountain western United States exceedingly dense, and forest restoration techniques (i.e., thinning and prescribed fire) are increasingly being used in an attempt to mitigate the effects of severe wildfire, to enhance tree growth and regeneration, and to stimulate soil nutrient cycling. While many of the short-term effects of forest restoration have been established, the long-term effects on soil biogeochemical and ecosystem processes are largely unknown. We assessed the effects of commonly used forest restoration treatments (thinning, burning, and thinning + burning) on nutrient cycling and other ecosystem processes 11 yr after restoration treatments were implemented in a ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa var. scopulorum)/Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca) forest at the Lubrecht Fire and Fire Surrogates Study (FFS) site in western Montana, USA. Despite short-term (<3 yr) increases in soil inorganic nitrogen (N) pools and N cycling rates following prescribed fire, long-term soil N pools and N mineralization rates showed only subtle differences from untreated control plots. Similarly, despite a persistent positive correlation between fuels consumed in prescribed burns and several metrics of N cycling, variability in inorganic N pools decreased significantly since treatments were implemented, indicating a decline in N spatial heterogeneity through time. However, rates of net nitrification remain significantly higher in a thin + burn treatment relative to other treatments. Short-term declines in forest floor carbon (C) pools have persisted in the thin + burn treatment, but there were no significant long-term differences among treatments in extractable soil phosphorus (P). Finally, despite some short-term differences, long-term foliar nutrient concentrations, litter decomposition rates, and rates of free-living N fixation in the experimental plots were not different from control plots, suggesting nutrient cycles and ecosystem processes in temperate coniferous forests are resilient to disturbance following long periods of fire suppression. Overall, this study provides forest managers and policymakers valuable information showing that the effects of these commonly used restoration prescriptions on soil nutrient cycling are ephemeral and that use of repeated treatments (i.e., frequent fire) will be necessary to ensure continued restoration success.

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The effects of wildfire, salvage logging, and post-fire N-fixation on the nutrient budgets of a Sierran forest

Cited by 82 publications

References 27 publications

Mercury concentrations and pools in four Sierra Nevada forest sites, and relationships to organic carbon and nitrogen

Mercury concentrations and pools in four Sierra Nevada forest sites, and relationships to organic carbon and nitrogen

Effets combinés de l’éclaircie et des feux prescrits sur les budgets de carbone et de nutriments

Forest restoration treatments have subtle long‐term effects on soil C and N cycling in mixed conifer forests

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