The effects of winter nutritional stress on maternal and neonatal behavior in penned white-tailed deer

Langenau, Edward E.; Lerg, J.M.

doi:10.1016/0304-3762(76)90053-5

Cited by 51 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Poor body condition has been shown to decrease rates of pregnancy in elk (Cook, 2000). Poor doe condition has been related to decreased numbers of fetuses, decreased rates of twinning, increased prenatal fawn mortality, decreased fawn viability, decreased fawn birth mass, later fawn birth dates, decreased postnatal care, increased fawn abandonment, and lowered rates of mass gain (Langenau and Lerg, 1976;Carroll and Brown, 1977;Verme and Ullrey, 1984;Sams et al, 1996;Swihart et al, 1998;Wakeling and Bender, 2003). In turn, these effects are strongly related to lowered preweaning fawn survival (Clutton-Brock et al, 1982;Verme and Ullrey, 1984;Sams et al, 1996;Swihart et al, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, because overwinter survival of fawns was high, productivity problems were associated with either fawn production or survival before late September. Numbers of fawns produced, degree of maternal care, and preweaning survival are largely products of nutrition and its effects on doe body condition (Langenau and Lerg, 1976;Carroll and Brown, 1977;Verme and Ullrey, 1984;Sams et al, 1996;Swihart et al, 1998), although density-independent factors (i.e., predation, inclement weather) can also act to limit summer survival of fawns. Nutrition is known to be a strong limiting factor on deer (Parker et al, 1999;Heffelfinger et al, 2003) and elk (Cook et al, 2002) in coastal forests of the Pacific Northwest, and poor body condition because of inadequate nutrition could also predispose deer to parasite infestation (Van Volkenberg and Nicholson, 1943;Demarais et al, 1983).…”

Section: Management Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Winter Fawn Survival in Black-Tailed Deer Populations Affected by Hair Loss Syndrome

Bender

Hall

2004

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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Overwinter fawn mortality associated with hair loss syndrome (HLS) is anecdotally thought to be important in declines of Columbian black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus) populations in Washington and Oregon (USA). We determined prevalence of HLS in black-tailed deer, September and April fawn:doe ratios, and minimum overwinter survival rates of fawns for selected game management units (GMUs) in western Washington from 1999 to 2001. Prevalence of HLS ranged from 6% to 74% in fawns and 4% to 33% in does. Minimum fawn survival ranged from 0.56 to 0.83 and was unrelated to prevalence of HLS in either does (rϭ0.005, Pϭ0.991) or fawns (rϭϪ0.215, Pϭ0.608). The prevalence of HLS in either does or fawns was also unrelated to either fall fawn:doe ratios (HLS does: rϭϪ0.132, Pϭ0.779; HLS fawns: rϭ0.130, Pϭ0.760) or spring fawn:doe ratios (HLS does: rϭϪ0.173, Pϭ0.711; HLS fawns: rϭϪ0.020, Pϭ0.963). However, the prevalence of HLS in does and fawns was strongly related (rϭ0.942, Pϭ0.002), and GMUs with high prevalence of HLS had lower deer population densities (fawns: rϭϪ0.752, Pϭ0.031; does: rϭϪ0.813, Pϭ0.026). Increased overwinter mortality of fawns because of HLS was not supported by our data. Decreased production of fawns, increased summer mortality of fawns, or both were seen in six of eight study GMU-year combinations. Observed rates of productivity and minimum fawn survival were inadequate to maintain population size in five of eight study GMU-year combinations, assuming an annual doe survival rate of 0.75. The influence of deer condition and population health on adult survival, fawn production, preweaning fawn survival, parasitism, and prevalence of HLS in both fawns and adults need to be clarified to identify what factors are limiting black-tailed deer productivity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Management Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Winter Fawn Survival in Black-Tailed Deer Populations Affected by Hair Loss Syndrome

Bender

Hall

2004

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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“…Undernourished ewes took longer to initiate nursing and attach to their lamb than well-fed ewes (Dwyer et al, 2003). In deer, underfed mothers were more likely to ignore, avoid and be -E-mail: garciate@servidor.unam.mx aggressive to their young than well-fed mothers (Langenau and Lerg, 1976). Furthermore, besides its effects on maternal care of the young, undernutrition seems also to impair the behaviour of the neonate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential effects of undernutrition during pregnancy on the behaviour of does and their kids at parturition and on the establishment of mutual recognition

Terrazas

Robledo

Serafín

et al. 2009

Animal

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We investigated whether undernutrition during the second half of pregnancy impaired the behaviour of does and their kids at parturition and early mutual recognition. Twenty-two control and 22 underfed mixed-breed, multiparous dairy goats were used, together with their respective kids (control,n= 31: nine singles, 16 twins and six triplets; underfed,n= 32: 11 singles, 18 twins and three triplets). Undernutrition involved limiting protein and energy intake at 70% of the nutritional requirements for maintenance and foetal growth from day 70 of pregnancy until birth. The behaviour of mothers and their two first-born kids was observed for 90 min from the birth of each kid. Maternal olfactory recognition of the kid was assessed at 4 hpost partumby testing selective nursing behaviour. Non-olfactory recognition was assessed at 8 h in a two-choice test excluding olfactory cues. In kids, preference for the mother was assessed in a two-choice test at either 12 or 24 hpost partum. Bodyweight of does and kids were lower in the underfed group up to 2 weekspost partum. At parturition, licking, maternal bleating frequency and latency to nursing did not differ between nutritional groups. Control kids were faster than underfed kids to stand, search for and reach the udder, but underfed kids bleated more and tended to spend more time at the udder. Both control and underfed does accepted their own kid and rejected the alien in the selectivity test at 4 h. In contrast, at 8 hpost partum, only control goats showed a significant preference for their own kid in the non-olfactory recognition test. Both control and underfed kids showed a preference for their own mother at 12 and 24 h and undernutrition during pregnancy had little influence on the performance of kids. However, 12 h-old underfed kids tended to be less active than control kids and visited their own mothers less than control kids. There were no significant correlations between the behaviour of the mother or of the kid at parturition and their performance in the discrimination tests. Overall, undernutrition in the second half of pregnancy appears to be more detrimental for the behaviour of the mother than for the kid. Furthermore, it has more impact on the establishment of maternal non-olfactory recognition than on maternal care at parturition or the establishment of maternal selectivity.

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“…Many studies with northern deer species have demonstrated that low birth-mass, depressed condition, inability to nurse, and maternal rejection may predispose to early mortality (see Langenau & Lerg, 1976;Bergerud, 1980;Sams et al, 1996;Tveraa et al, 2003;Carstensen Powell & DelGiudice, 2005). During the life cycle the risk of death is usually greatest during the first year of life.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mortality and survival of semi-domesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus L.) calves in northern Finland

Nieminen¹,

Norberg²,

Maijala³

2011

Ran

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During the period 1999 to 2004 the reindeer calf survival and mortality were studied in two reindeer-herding cooperatives and in five herding-groups in northern Finland, where in total 1725 calves were fitted with mortality indicating radio-transmitters fixed on expandable neck collars. The calves were weighed and marked at the age of 2-5 days in calving corrals and also during earmarking in June/July, when the age of calves was 2-8 weeks. The rate, timing and causes of mortality of calves were investigated. In 1999-2001 in Ivalo reindeer-herding cooperative 4.6% of radiocollared calves and in 2002-04 in Käsivarsi reindeer cooperative 5.2% was found dead. The average mortality of the calves radio-collared during calving time in May, and monitored to the end of October, was 6.7% in Ivalo and 9.0% in Käsivarsi. From July on, the average mortality rates varied between 1.8-5.7% among reindeer herding-groups. On average 54 and 42% of all radio-collared calves found dead in Ivalo and Käsivarsi cooperatives were attributed to predation, and golden eagle was the most significant cause of death in both cooperatives killing 0-3.5% of radio-collared calves in different study areas and years. Golden eagle predation accounted for 33-43% of all radio-collared calves found dead, 55-59% of the cases with identified cause of death and 80% of all identified predation. Most of the calves killed by golden eagle were found during July and August mainly in the open areas, as in highlands, bogs and clear-cut forest areas. The mean body weight of the calves radio-collared in May (weights adjusted on June 1 st ) and found dead during the summer was significantly (P<0.01) lighter than the mean weight of survivors both in Ivalo and Käsivarsi. Furthermore, the midsummer body weights of the calves (weights adjusted on July 1 st ) killed by all predators and by golden eagles were significantly (P<0.001) lower than the mean weight of surviving calves in both cooperatives. However, the weights did not differ between depredated calves and those calves that succumbed due to other causes than predation. The results of this study emphasize the relative importance of golden eagle as a mortality factor for reindeer calves in the northern part of the Finnish reindeer husbandry area.

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The effects of winter nutritional stress on maternal and neonatal behavior in penned white-tailed deer

Cited by 51 publications

References 8 publications

Winter Fawn Survival in Black-Tailed Deer Populations Affected by Hair Loss Syndrome

Winter Fawn Survival in Black-Tailed Deer Populations Affected by Hair Loss Syndrome

Differential effects of undernutrition during pregnancy on the behaviour of does and their kids at parturition and on the establishment of mutual recognition

Mortality and survival of semi-domesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus L.) calves in northern Finland

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