The Effects of Women Empowerment on Indonesia’s Regional Economic Growth

Abstract

In the development, women should be in the same rate as men to participate, have an equal chance in decision making, and reach the development needed to maximize their potential. Despite this, women often got a difficulty to participate in the economy. Women often do unpaid work or work in the informal sector. The higher portion of women to men employed in the informal sector represent women difficulty to access the employment, because of higher rates of illiteracy, lower jobs skills, lower level of education, and social-cultural barrier that prevent women to work in the formal sectors. This paper wants to analyze how the increase of women participation in the economy can increase the Indonesia’s economic growth. Using data from 34 province in Indonesia between 2014-2018, the result of the panel data regression found that the number of women’s empowerment positively affect gross regional domestic product. Women’s life expectancy positively affects gross regional domestic product. Women’s population percentage positively affects gross regional domestic product. From the three independent variables used as a predictor in this model, all variable is significantly affects Indonesia’s gross regional domestic product.

Does Corruption Impede the Influence of Women Empowerment on Economic Growth? Empirical evidence from BRICS Countries

“…Also, studies of previous authors show the more the women employment rate the more is the GDP of that state or economy (Doepke and Tertilt, 2019;Edmans, 2011;Firmansyah and Sihaloho, 2021). Further, Doepke and Tertilt (2019) in their study elaborated that women empowerment has a positive association with the economic state of a country.…”

“…Further, Doepke and Tertilt (2019) in their study elaborated that women empowerment has a positive association with the economic state of a country. The developing state lack the women participation in economic activities thus making those states lag behind in economic activities (Firmansyah and Sihaloho, 2021). Results for all the constructs is shown in elasticity form means that results are taken in natural log explaining the percentage change in explanatory construct source to percentage change endogenous construct.…”

Does Maternal Social Capital Affect Children's Physical Health in the Future?

“…According to Pangaribowo et al (2019) women who participate in their communities will have a better bargaining position so that in this context, the position of mothers in the family is increasingly important, and the family increasingly needs their role. Firmansyah & Sihaloho (2021) find that large investments in women's education and health are instead intended to lower the birth rate and improve the well-being of the children.…”

Analysis of the impact of energy consumption on regional agricultural economic growth based on panel data

“…Firmansyah C. A. analyzed how increased female participation in the economy could boost economic growth in Indonesia. By using the data of 34 provinces in Indonesia from 2014 to 2018, the regression of panel data showed that the number of women's empowerment had a positive impact on regional Agricultural GDP (Firmansyah and Sihaloho, 2021). Khan S used the equilibrium panel data of 184 countries in the world from 1990 to 2017 to examine the impact of financial development and energy consumption on CO2 emissions (Khan et al, 2021).…”