The effects on colour vision of adaptation to very bright lights

Brindley, G. S.

doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1953.sp005003

Cited by 187 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The most reasonable approach to the explanation of these results follows the pattern of previous theories of the colour effect (Stiles, 1937;Brindley, 1953;Walraven & Bouman, 1960;Enoch & Stiles, 1961;Walraven, 1962;Wijngaard, Bouman & Budding, 1974;Pask & Snyder, 1975. ) In this view however operationally meaningful it is to draw with Hansen (1943) a distinction between the intensity and the colour effects, on the theoretical side there is simply the intensity effect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The dependence of the colour and brightness of a monochromatic light upon its angle of incidence on the retina.

Alpern¹,

Kono²,

Tamaki³

1983

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. The changes in brightness and colour of a monochromatic test light as its angle of incidence on the retina was changed from normal (pupil centre traverse) to oblique (3 5 mm temporal pupil traverse), was measured by matching it with three normally incident primaries. Results on two normal trichromats were generally in accord with published data on the Stiles-Crawford intensity and colour effects.2. One observer was also the subject of the preceding paper (Alpern & Kitahara, 1983) in which the field sensitivities of his foveali1(,u) (j = 3, 4, 5) mechanisms for normally, and obliquely, incident backgrounds were reported. For normal incidence, the colour matching functions are in rough accord with expectation if the action spectra of the three cone mechanisms, which provide the photoreceptor basis for his trichromacy, were the same Hi mechanisms for normal incidence.3. A unified theory is developed for both Stiles-Crawford intensity and colour effects, assuming that the same visual pigments in the same set of univariantly signalling cones absorbs both the normal incident primaries and the obliquely incident test. Given no free parameters for curve fitting, the Stiles-Crawford intensity effect data are in reasonable agreement with the theory if the photoreceptor basis of these matches were the normally and obliquely incident II(,u) mechanisms.4. The Stiles-Crawford colour effect data contradict the expectations ofthe unified theory applied with these same Hl1(l) mechanisms. Either H3,() is not a valid operational definition ofthe action spectrum ofhis short-wave sensitive photoreceptors or at least one assumption of the unified theory is false.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Until now all quantitative theories of the colour effect (Stiles, 1937;Brindley, 1953;Walraven & Bouman, 1960;Enoch & Stiles, 1961;Walraven, 1962;Wijngaard, Bouman & Budding, 1974;Pask & Snyder, 1975;Weale, 1981) may be classified as unified theories.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The dependence of the colour and brightness of a monochromatic light upon its angle of incidence on the retina.

Alpern¹,

Kono²,

Tamaki³

1983

The Journal of Physiology

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“…In recent times this view has been strengthened by the close fit between the 69 H. D. BAKER AND W. A. H. RUSHTON protanope's spectral sensitivity, Stiles's green mechanism iT4 and also Brindley's (1953) artificial protanopia produced by adapting the eye to a very bright red light. To those subjective measurements we now can add the objective evidence of Fig.…”

Section: Tomentioning

confidence: 99%

The red‐sensitive pigment in normal cones

Baker¹,

Rushton²

1965

The Journal of Physiology

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It is ten years since it was demonstrated by retinal densitometry that there were two visual pigments in the red-green range upon the normal fovea, and only one upon the protanope's (Rushton, 1955). Now that this pigment chlorolabe has been studied by itself in the protanope (Rushton, 1963a, b, c) and a more red-sensitive pigment erythrolabe has been studied by itself in the deuteranope (Rushton, 1965a, b) we are in a position to begin the study of the mixture on the normal fovea.The red pigment is the easiest to isolate, so in this paper we shall analyse that and show that it appears to be identical with erythrolabe of the deuteranope by the four kinds of measurements that can be used-the difference spectrum, the action spectrum, the photosensivity and the regeneration rate. It will also be shown to be a visual pigment by the two kinds of measurement that can be used-the correspondence of the action spectrum with the visual spectral response of Stiles' red mechanism 7T5 and the correspondence of the time course of pigment regeneration with the dark adaptation curve of T5. METHODSThe equipment and procedure was the same as in the other investigations upon foveal pigments and has been already described in some detail (Rushton, 1963a). In brief, subjects with the left pupil dilated by homatropine were fixed in exact alignment in the densitometer by a dental impression and brow rest. They fixated upon cross-hairs in the centre of a 21' field that constituted the retinal region upon which the bleaching and measuring lights fell. Light entered the eye by Maxwellian view through the nasal half of the pupil and the reflected portion that left through the temporal half encountered a small mirror and was deflected into a photocell. By means of a lens and a stop only light coming from the direction of the central 2°of the fovea was accepted by the photocell. Light from the anterior part of the eye could therefore only be received by a double horizontal scatter and the signal was polarized in the sense that made scatter chiefly vertical. A bleaching light could be substituted for the measuring light upon the fovea by interposing a mirror. Two such mirrors mounted like the sails of a windmill were generally used for bleaching. The windmill turned at 5-10 rev/sec and flashes of bleaching light were applied at twice this frequency, shining through i of the cycle. Between the bleaching flashes the measuring light fell upon the same retinal region and by means of an electromagnetic shutter only the measuring light reached the photomultiplier cell. In this way it was possible to measure retinal reflectivity at one wave-length while bleaching with light of ayother wave-length.

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“…Cells in which the blue-sensitive cone mechanism was detected tended to have larger receptive field centres than those in which this mechanism could not be unequivocally identified. Psychophysical studies indicate that the blue-sensitive cone mechanism has a poor capacity for spatial resolution (Stiles, 1949;Brindley, 1953). Some opponent-colour cells receiving an input from blue-sensitive cones also received a synergistic input from red-sensitive cones; such cells would appear to be useful in colour vision but would seem to have a handicap in spatial resolution because of chromatic aberration.…”

Section: Redmentioning

confidence: 99%