The effects on decision task performance of computer synthetic voice output

Enhancing educational software with audio: assigning structural and functional attributes from the SSF model

“…According to the second approach to designing sound with the SSF Model, the researcher already knows a specific purpose for adding audio. Activities such as focusing on screen information (Alessi and Trollip, 1991;Calvert et al, 1989;deHaemer and Wallace, 1992;Mann, 1992bMann, 1993Thomas and Clapp, 1989;Wetzel, 1991) or deciphering warning signals (Huff and Finholt, 1994), require listening for a specific purpose.…”

“…Structure-before-function: recent applications Recent projects in Britain (Gaver et al, 1992;Hartas and Moseley, 1993) and North America (deHaemer and Wallace, 1992;Booth-Butterfield and Gutowski, 1993;Jordan, 1990;Sutherland, 1993) have investigated the structural attributes of audio. An ongoing project at Rank Xerox in Cambridge, England seems to have captured some of the structure-before-function approach of adding audio to software.…”

“…Third, empirical studies were examined in which computer speech was implemented with static text as a delivery attribute (Anderson-Inman, 1991;Badt, 1988;Higginbotham-Wheat, 1991;Loughner, 1987;Salavert, 1988;Wilburn, 1991). Finally, reports were discovered on converting some screen text into digitised speech to offer learners a more effective alternative to reading instructions and feedback (Alessi and Trollip, 1991;Blyth, 1960;Calvert et al, 1989;deHaemer and Wallace, 1992;Gaudino, 1986;Jaspers, 1991;Porter, 1960;Skinner, 1960;Thomas and Clapp, 1989;Wetzel, 1991).…”

Keep talking—Performance effectiveness with continuous voice recognition for spreadsheet users

“…Heuristics, on the other hand, have a strong preference to interject feeling and experience in decision making and have more of an affinity for visual information. DeHaemer and Wallace (1992) found that instructions via computerized synthetic voice helped the performance of computer user's who were classified as having analytic decision style and hindered the performance of those classified as having heuristic decision style.…”

“…This followed from finding significant interactive effects between a user's decision style and the use of computer synthesized voice output in other research. In DeHaemer and Wallace (1992), subjects were categorized by their scores on the Myers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) along the two dimensions of (1) preference for receiving information--sensing (S) or intuiting (N)--and (2) processing information--thinking (T) or feeling (F). The MBTI is a self-reporting personality typing instrument that is based on Jung's theory of types and has been cited in the literature as a useful means of determining personality type and measuring cognitive or decision-making style (Carlyn, 1977;Myers, 1962).…”