The efficacy and short-term effects of electronic cigarettes as a method for smoking cessation: a systematic review and a meta-analysis

Khoudigian, Shoghag; Devji, Tahira; Lytvyn, Lyubov; Campbell, Kaitryn; Hopkins, Rob; O’Reilly, Daria

doi:10.1007/s00038-016-0786-z

Cited by 67 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The authors concluded that e-cigarette use is associated with smoking cessation; these results are similar to our meta-analysis comparing ENDS with ENNDS (figure 5). Khoudigian's 2016 review11 reported a non-statistically significant trend toward smoking cessation in adults using nicotine e-cigarettes compared with other therapies or placebo. However, the review by Kalkhoran and Glatz 20169 concluded that e-cigarettes are associated with significantly less quitting among smokers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another systematic review10 including a total of six studies (RCTs, cohort and cross-sectional studies) involving 7551 participants concluded that ENDS is associated with smoking cessation and reduction; however, the included studies were heterogeneous, due to different study designs and gender variation. One other review11 comparing e-cigarettes with other nicotine replacement therapies or placebo included five studies (RCTs and controlled before–after studies) and concluded that participants using nicotine e-cigarettes were more likely to stop smoking, but noted no statistically significant differences 11. In a more recent systematic review, Kalkhoran and Glantz9 included 20 studies (15 cohort studies, 3 cross-sectional studies and 2 clinical trials), and found 28% lower odds rates of quitting cigarettes in those who used e-cigarettes compared with those who did not use e-cigarettes; however, the methodological aspects of the observational studies were rated as unclear or high on outcome assessors, and a RCT was rated as high risk of performance and attrition bias.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electronic nicotine delivery systems and/or electronic non-nicotine delivery systems for tobacco smoking cessation or reduction: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2017

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ObjectiveA systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the impact of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) and/or electronic non-nicotine delivery systems (ENNDS) versus no smoking cessation aid, or alternative smoking cessation aids, in cigarette smokers on long-term tobacco use.Data sourcesSearches of MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycInfo, CINAHL, CENTRAL and Web of Science up to December 2015.Study selectionRandomised controlled trials (RCTs) and prospective cohort studies.Data extractionThree pairs of reviewers independently screened potentially eligible articles, extracted data from included studies on populations, interventions and outcomes and assessed their risk of bias. We used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach to rate overall certainty of the evidence by outcome.Data synthesisThree randomised trials including 1007 participants and nine cohorts including 13 115 participants proved eligible. Results provided by only two RCTs suggest a possible increase in tobacco smoking cessation with ENDS in comparison with ENNDS (RR 2.03, 95% CI 0.94 to 4.38; p=0.07; I2=0%, risk difference (RD) 64/1000 over 6 to 12 months, low-certainty evidence). Results from cohort studies suggested a possible reduction in quit rates with use of ENDS compared with no use of ENDS (OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.55 to 1.00; p=0.051; I2=56%, very low certainty).ConclusionsThere is very limited evidence regarding the impact of ENDS or ENNDS on tobacco smoking cessation, reduction or adverse effects: data from RCTs are of low certainty and observational studies of very low certainty. The limitations of the cohort studies led us to a rating of very low-certainty evidence from which no credible inferences can be drawn. Lack of usefulness with regard to address the question of e-cigarettes' efficacy on smoking reduction and cessation was largely due to poor reporting. This review underlines the need to conduct well-designed trials measuring biochemically validated outcomes and adverse effects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electronic nicotine delivery systems and/or electronic non-nicotine delivery systems for tobacco smoking cessation or reduction: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2017

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“…Nevertheless, the reliability and generality of these potentially important but also novel observations warrant further research. The association of e-cigarette use with quit attempts underscores the need for additional controlled clinical trials to assess the efficacy of e-cigarettes in facilitating quitting or reducing tobacco cigarette smoking, for which evidence is currently mixed (Khoudigian et al, 2016; Malas et al, 2016). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

E-cigarette use among women of reproductive age: Impulsivity, cigarette smoking status, and other risk factors

Chivers

Hand

Priest

et al. 2016

Preventive Medicine

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Introduction The study aim was to examine impulsivity and other risk factors for e-cigarette use among women of reproductive age comparing current daily cigarette smokers to never cigarette smokers. Women of reproductive age are of special interest because of the additional risk that tobacco and nicotine use represents should they become pregnant. Method Survey data were collected anonymously online using Amazon Mechanical Turk in 2014. Participants were 800 women ages 24–44 years from the US. Half (n = 400) reported current, daily smoking and half (n = 400) reported smoking less than 100 cigarettes lifetime. Participants completed questionnaires regarding sociodemographics, tobacco/nicotine use, and impulsivity (i.e., delay discounting & Barratt Impulsiveness Scale). Predictors of smoking and e-cigarette use were examined using logistic regression. Results Daily cigarette smoking was associated with greater impulsivity, lower education, past illegal drug use, and White race/ethnicity. E-cigarette use in the overall sample was associated with being a cigarette smoker and greater education. E-cigarette use among current smokers was associated with increased nicotine dependence and quitting smoking; among never smokers it was associated with greater impulsivity and illegal drug use. E-cigarette use was associated with hookah use, and for never smokers only with use of cigars and other nicotine products. Conclusions E-cigarette use among women of reproductive age varies by smoking status, with use among current smokers reflecting attempts to quit smoking whereas among non-smokers use may be a marker of a more impulsive repertoire that includes greater use of alternative tobacco products and illegal drugs.

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“…They believe that e-cigarettes can help them wean-off conventional cigarettes. Weak data from surveys, personal testimony and randomized trials 6–8 are cited to support the notion that e-cigarettes are at least as effective as conventional nicotine replacement therapy and could help some individuals kick their smoking habit. E-cigarette manufacture implicitly, and often explicitly, promote this view, marketing their products as potential cessation devices.…”

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confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular Perspective of the Promises and Perils of E-Cigarettes

Bhatnagar

2016

Circulation Research

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The efficacy and short-term effects of electronic cigarettes as a method for smoking cessation: a systematic review and a meta-analysis

Abstract: Limited low-quality evidence of a non-statistically significant trend toward smoking cessation in adults using nicotine e-cigarettes exists compared with other therapies or placebo. Larger, high-quality studies are needed to inform policy decisions.

Cited by 67 publications

References 24 publications

Electronic nicotine delivery systems and/or electronic non-nicotine delivery systems for tobacco smoking cessation or reduction: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Electronic nicotine delivery systems and/or electronic non-nicotine delivery systems for tobacco smoking cessation or reduction: a systematic review and meta-analysis

E-cigarette use among women of reproductive age: Impulsivity, cigarette smoking status, and other risk factors

Cardiovascular Perspective of the Promises and Perils of E-Cigarettes

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