The Efficacy in Navajo Infants of a Conjugate Vaccine Consisting of<i>Haemophilus influenzae</i>Type b Polysaccharide and<i>Neisseria meningitidis</i>Outer-Membrane Protein Complex

Santosham, Mathuram; Wolff, Mark; Reid, Raymond; Hohenboken, Matthew; Bateman, Michaela; Goepp, Julius G.; Cortese, Margaret M.; Sack, David A.; Hill, John C.; Newcomer, Wendy

doi:10.1056/nejm199106203242503

Cited by 266 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Previous reports have described the need for studies, health services, and prevention programs focusing on infectious diseases among American Indians and Alaska Natives. 1,4,20,[28][29][30][31] Our findings indicate that continued resources for the prevention and control of infectious diseases are needed to further improve the health status of American Indians and Alaska Natives.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in infectious disease hospitalizations among American Indians and Alaska Natives

Holman

Curns²,

Kaufman³

et al. 2001

Am J Public Health

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OBJECTIVES: This study sought to describe trends in hospitalizations associated with infectious diseases among American Indians and Alaska Natives. METHODS: Infectious disease hospitalizations and rates among American Indians and Alaska Natives from 1980 through 1994 were examined via Indian Health Service hospital discharge data and compared with published trends for the general US population. RESULTS: Annual hospitalization rates for infectious diseases among American Indians and Alaska Natives decreased by 31.0% between 1980 and 1994. Infectious disease hospitalizations accounted for 16.3% of all hospitalizations in 1980 and 21.2% in 1994, an increase of 30.1%. In 1994, the age-adjusted infectious disease hospitalization rate for American Indians and Alaska Natives was 1863 per 100,000 population, approximately 21% greater than that for the general US population. CONCLUSIONS: Hospitalization trends for infectious diseases show that there has been improvement in the health status of American Indians and Alaska Natives but also indicate that this population has a higher infectious disease burden than the general US population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in infectious disease hospitalizations among American Indians and Alaska Natives

Holman

Curns²,

Kaufman³

et al. 2001

Am J Public Health

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“…The clinical trials of 4 different Hib conjugate vaccines (called PRP-D, PRP-T, PRP-OMP and HbOC) manufactured using different sized glycan chains, different carrier proteins and different conjugation chemistries showed high efficacy, a reduction in the incidence of disease, in each case (Heath 1998, Booy et al 1994, Black et al 1991, Santosham et al 1991, Eskola et al 1987. Of these vaccines, PRP-D, in which the carrier protein is diphtheria toxoid, was not demonstrated to be effective in populations with high levels of endemic disease.…”

Section: Clinical Efficacy Of Glycoconjugate Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccines based on the cell surface carbohydrates of pathogenic bacteria

Jones

2005

An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc.

170

117

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Glycoconjugate vaccines, in which a cell surface carbohydrate from a micro-organism is covalently attached to an appropriate carrier protein are proving to be the most effective means to generate protective immune responses to prevent a wide range of diseases. The technology appears to be generic and applicable to a wide range of pathogens, as long as antibodies against surface carbohydrates help protect against infection. Three such vaccines, against Haemophilus influenzae type b, Neisseria meningitidis Group C and seven serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae, have already been licensed and many others are in development.This article discusses the rationale for the development and use of glycoconjugate vaccines, the mechanisms by which they elicit T cell-dependent immune responses and the implications of this for vaccine development, the role of physicochemical methods in the characterisation and quality control of these vaccines, and the novel products which are under development.

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“…Among the general US infant population, the median length of stay for infectious disease hospitalizations decreased from 3 days in 1988 -1989 to 2 days in 1998 -1999 (P Ͻ .001). The proportion of hospital days associated with an infectious disease diagnosis among AI/AN infants increased from 44 Approximately 4.4% of AI/AN infant infectious disease hospitalizations and 5.8% of other-cause hospitalizations resulted in a transfer to another facility. Transfers could not be discriminated between placement in another IHS or tribal facility or to a facility outside the IHS or tribal facilities.…”

Section: Hospital Fatality Rate and Hospital Staymentioning

confidence: 99%

Infectious Disease Hospitalizations Among American Indian and Alaska Native Infants

et al. 2003

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ABSTRACT. Objective. To describe the burden and trends in hospitalizations associated with infectious diseases among American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/ AN) infants.Methods. First-listed infectious disease hospitalizations and hospitalization rates among AI/AN infants and infants in the general US population from 1988 -1999 were analyzed by using Indian Health Service/tribal hospital discharge data and the National Hospital Discharge Survey data, respectively.Results. Infectious disease hospitalizations accounted for 53% of all AI/AN infant hospitalizations and approximately 43% of all US infant hospitalizations during 1988 -1999. The annual hospitalization rate for infectious diseases among AI/AN infants declined from 27 486 per 100 000 infants in 1988 to 14 178 per 100 000 infants in 1999. However, the rates for AI/AN infants within the Alaska, Southwest, and Northern Plains regions remained higher than that for the general US infant population at the end of the study period. Lower respiratory tract infection hospitalizations accounted for almost 75% of AI/AN infant infectious disease hospitalizations, and the lower respiratory tract infection hospitalization rate for AI/AN infants was twice that for US infants.Conclusions. Although infectious disease hospitalization rates for AI/AN infants have declined, AI/AN infants continue to have a higher infectious disease burden than the general US infant population. Pediatrics 2003;111:e176 -e182. URL: http://www.pediatrics.org/cgi/ content/full/111/2/e176; infants, American Indians, Alaska Natives, infectious disease, hospitalizations, epidemiology.

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The Efficacy in Navajo Infants of a Conjugate Vaccine Consisting ofHaemophilus influenzaeType b Polysaccharide andNeisseria meningitidisOuter-Membrane Protein Complex

Abstract: The H. influenzae type b OMPC vaccine, administered at 2 and 4 months of age, is safe and induces a high rate of protection against invasive disease caused by H. influenzae type b in infants under the age of 18 months. Protection begins after the first dose.

Cited by 266 publications

References 15 publications

Trends in infectious disease hospitalizations among American Indians and Alaska Natives

Trends in infectious disease hospitalizations among American Indians and Alaska Natives

Vaccines based on the cell surface carbohydrates of pathogenic bacteria

Infectious Disease Hospitalizations Among American Indian and Alaska Native Infants

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