Parents and adult children who have infrequent contact with one another and a negative relationship are often referred to as being "estranged" (Blake, 2017;Scharp & Dorrance Hall, 2017). Although research on family estrangement is relatively new, it is far from a rare occurrence. In a nationally representative sample of approximately 10,000 adults in Germany, in which data were analysed over 10 years, 9% had experienced estrangement from a mother and 20% had experienced estrangement from a father (Arránz