The efficacy of a modified aluminosilicate as a detoxifying agent in Fusarium toxin contaminated maize containing diets for piglets

Abstract

Two feeding experiments with female weaned piglets were carried out applying a complete two by two factorial design to investigate the effects of the dietary inclusion of 500 g/kg Fusarium toxin contaminated maize (8.6 mg/kg deoxynivalenol (DON); 1.2 mg/kg zearalenone (ZON)) and of 4 g/kg aluminosilicate (AS) as a detoxifying agent. The resulting four diets were fed ad libitum to a total of 80 piglets (20 piglets per group, allotted to a total of 20 pens) covering a live weight range of 10.5 +/- 1.3 to 27.5 +/- 4.4 kg in experiment 1, and to a total of 48 piglets (12 piglets per group, allotted to 12 pens) covering a live weight range of 9.7 +/- 1.8 to 21.4 +/- 4.8 kg in experiment 2. The animals of experiment 1 were slaughtered on days 34-36 of feeding the experimental diets. The mycotoxin analyses revealed that the control maize also contained considerable concentrations of Fusarium toxins, but the differences in DON and ZON concentrations between control and contaminated diets were sufficiently high to demonstrate both dose-related toxin effects. Voluntary feed intake and live weight gain of the animals were significantly reduced by the inclusion of Fusarium toxin contaminated maize into the diets in both experiments, while a significantly decreased feed to gain ratio was found in experiment 1. Furthermore, the relative weight of the uterus, stomach and heart of the animals fed the contaminated maize containing diets were significantly increased. Serum albumin concentrations and the activity of GLDH were significantly reduced by the inclusion of the contaminated maize. The addition of AS to the Fusarium toxin contaminated diets did not prevent or alleviate any of the mentioned effects. Moreover, the feed intake tended to be decreased by this supplementation in both experiments, while a significantly decreased feed to gain ratio was indicated for this factor in experiment one as well. The serum concentration of albumin and the activities of ASAT and gammaGT were significantly increased if AS was present in the diets while serum concentration of cholesterol and alpha-tocopherol were decreased significantly or in tendency, respectively. The concentrations of retinol and retinyl esters in liver and serum were not altered by the treatments. The analysed concentrations of zearalenone (ZON) and its metabolites in the bile fluid clearly indicated the differences in dietary ZON concentrations and showed that AS was ineffective in preventing the absorption of the toxin from the gastrointestinal tract. Also, serum concentrations of DON reflected the DON intake prior to sampling. However, there were no differences between groups fed diets with or without AS which also suggests the inefficacy of the tested AS in preventing the DON absorption. The present investigations failed to demonstrate a detoxifying capacity of the tested additive and emphasize the general necessity for a critical verification of detoxifying agents in vivo.

Comparison of extensive and intensive pig production systems in Uruguay in terms of ethologic, physiologic and meat quality parameters

“…However, animals did not show any symptoms, and they had a normal growth rate. gamma glutamine transferase had been previously related to maize contaminated with Deoxinivalenol (Döll et al, 2005) but no evidence was present in this study.…”

The progression of deoxynivalenol-induced growth suppression in nursery pigs and the potential of an algae-modified montmorillonite clay to mitigate these effects12

“…Supplementing contaminated diets with detoxifying agents is widely regarded as a more practical approach; however, currently-available feed additives have generally failed to alleviate the effects of DON (Ramos et al, 1996;Huwig et al, 2001;Awad et al, 2010). While previous attempts to use mineral adsorbing agents on nonpolar mycotoxins such as DON have been ineffective (Döll and Dänicke, 2004;Döll et al, 2005), the use of AMMC had not been previously tested in vivo. Through a patented process (Amadeite; Olmix S.A., Brehan, France), the structure of the montmorillonite is modified using ulvans extracted from green seaweed (Lahaye and Robic, 2007).…”

Digestibilidade e metabolismo de dietas de suínos contendo zearalenona com adição de organoaluminossilicato

“…No P absorvido em função do ingerido, não houve diferença (p>0,05) entre os tratamentos. Por ser um dos fitoestrógenos de maior afinidade com o 17 β-estradiol, a ZEA pode atuar na homeostasia dos minerais, com diminuição da excreção e aumento da retenção (Draper et al, 1997). O mecanismo completo da ação de agentes estrogênicos no metabolismo mineral ainda é desconhecido, principalmente em relação à digestão e absorção de minerais em suínos.…”