The efficacy of add-on tacrolimus for minor flare in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a retrospective study

Abstract

Adding tacrolimus without increasing the GC dose may provide an effective treatment option for minor flares in patients with SLE.

Population pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus in paediatric systemic lupus erythematosus based on real-world study

“…[1][2][3][4] Whereas corticosteroids and immunosuppressants are widely used for treatment, cases of resistance have been reported and new treatments are sought in the clinical setting. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] However, tacrolimus has a narrow therapeutic window and displays considerable interindividual and intra-individual variabilities in its pharmacokinetics, with poor correlation between drug dosage and blood concentrations, making it difficult to define an optimal dose schedule. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] However, tacrolimus has a narrow therapeutic window and displays considerable interindividual and intra-individual variabilities in its pharmacokinetics, with poor correlation between drug dosage and blood concentrations, making it difficult to define an optimal dose schedule.…”

“…5 Tacrolimus is a medication that induces an immunosuppressive effect, and in recent years, it has been widely used in the treatment of SLE. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] However, tacrolimus has a narrow therapeutic window and displays considerable interindividual and intra-individual variabilities in its pharmacokinetics, with poor correlation between drug dosage and blood concentrations, making it difficult to define an optimal dose schedule. 16,17 With population pharmacokinetics (PPK), pharmacokinetic information can be acquired from sparse data pooled in a large group of subjects.…”

“…Thus, tacrolimus affects the growth and differentiation of T and B lymphocytes, thereby inhibiting immunity [36][37][38]. So, tacrolimus has been widely used for treating SLE,[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] in which cells are damaged by distinct immunologic abnormalities. I G U R E 2 Goodness-of-fit plots of the base population model.…”

Population pharmacokinetics model and initial dose optimization of tacrolimus in children and adolescents with lupus nephritis based on real‑world data

“…Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that tacrolimus may be used to improve the outcome of patients who undergo bone marrow (35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42), lung (43) and heart transplantation (44). In previous years, clinical experiments have also indicated that tacrolimus has useful applications in systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis (45)(46)(47)(48), nephrotic syndrome (49)(50)(51)(52)(53)(54)(55), SLE (56)(57)(58)(59)(60)(61)(62)(63)(64)(65), myasthenia gravis (66,67), ulcerative colitis (68,69) and autoimmune hepatitis (70). Furthermore, according to a previous review article, tacrolimus is a safe and effective agent for treating patients with LN (10).…”

Initial dose optimization of tacrolimus for children with systemic lupus erythematosus based on theCYP3A5polymorphism and coadministration with Wuzhi capsule

“…Tacrolimus also plays an active role in treatments for nephrotic syndrome, [27][28][29][30][31][32][33] systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis [34][35][36][37] and other disorders. Tacrolimus has been used to treat paediatric systemic lupus erythematosus, [38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47] but with considerable pharmacokinetic variation between individuals. 48,49 Therefore, the optimal initial regimen is not clear.…”