The Efficacy of Head-Down and Head-Up Synthetic Vision Display Concepts for Retro- and Forward-Fit of Commercial Aircraft

Prinzel, Lawrence J.; Comstock, James R.; Glaab, Louis J.; Kramer, Lynda J.; Arthur, Jarvis J.; Barry, John S.

doi:10.1207/s15327108ijap1401_4

Cited by 50 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Research has demonstrated that the addition of synthetic terrain information on cockpit displays significantly enhances SA, lowers mental workload, and rates higher in pilot preference (Arthur, Prinzel, Kramer, Parrish, & Bailey, 2004;Kuchar & Hansman, 1993;Prinzel et al, 2004;Schnell et al, 2004). It was therefore hypothesized that global SA and pilot preference will be rated higher and mental workload lower for display formats with SVS on the PFD and 3D multimode SVS ND displays compared to the baseline PFD and ND displays.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the majority of SVS research to date has focused on the primary flight display (PFD) or head-up display (HUD; Alexander, Wickens, & Hardy, 2005;Kramer, Bailey, & Prinzel, this issue;Prinzel et al, 2004;Schnell, Kwon, Merchant, & Etherington, 2004), SVS implementations are generally proposed as comprising multiple panels or displays-an important one being a navigational display (ND).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Evaluating the Effects of Dimensionality in Advanced Avionic Display Concepts for Synthetic Vision Systems

Alexander

Prinzel

Wickens

et al. 2009

The International Journal of Aviation Psychology

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the Effects of Dimensionality in Advanced Avionic Display Concepts for Synthetic Vision Systems

Alexander

Prinzel

Wickens

et al. 2009

The International Journal of Aviation Psychology

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“…a probabilistic description of the person's likely location ͑Hansen, McLain & Goodrich, 2007͒. Additional literature includes operator interface work for both UAVs and traditional aviation displays ͑Calhoun, Draper, Abernathy, Patzek & Delgado, 2003;Prinzel, Glaab, Kramer & Arthur, 2004;Alexander & Wickens, 2005;Drury, Richer, Rackliffe & Goodrich, 2006;Wickens, Olmos, Chud & Davenport, 1995͒. The exact type of interaction between a human and onboard autonomy varies widely across UAV platforms.…”

Section: ͒mentioning

confidence: 99%

Supporting wilderness search and rescue using a camera‐equipped mini UAV

Goodrich

Morse

Gerhardt

et al. 2007

Journal of Field Robotics

312

163

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Wilderness Search and Rescue ͑WiSAR͒ entails searching over large regions in often rugged remote areas. Because of the large regions and potentially limited mobility of ground searchers, WiSAR is an ideal application for using small ͑human-packable͒ unmanned aerial vehicles ͑UAVs͒ to provide aerial imagery of the search region. This paper presents a brief analysis of the WiSAR problem with emphasis on practical aspects of visual-based aerial search. As part of this analysis, we present and analyze a generalized contour search algorithm, and relate this search to existing coverage searches. Extending beyond laboratory analysis, lessons from field trials with search and rescue personnel indicated the immediate need to improve two aspects of UAV-enabled search: How video information is presented to searchers and how UAV technology is integrated into existing WiSAR teams. In response to the first need, three computer vision algorithms for improving video display presentation are compared; results indicate that constructing temporally localized image mosaics is more useful than stabilizing video imagery. In response to the second need, a goal-directed task analysis of the WiSAR domain was conducted and combined with field observations to identify operational paradigms and field tactics for coordinating the UAV operator, the payload operator, the mission manager, and ground searchers.

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“…The results of the SVS-GA Terrain Portrayal for Head Down Displays (TP-HDD) simulation and flight test and the Symbology Development for Head Down Display (SD-HDD) simulation experiments Takallu et al, 2004;Wong et al, 2004), as well as other SVS research conducted by NASA (e.g. Kramer et al, 2003), academia, and industry, all indicate that a pilot's situation awareness (SA) can be substantially improved when flying in IMC by providing a SVS terrain background on a primary flight display (PFD) or even Head-Up Displays (HUDs) (Prinzel & Comstock et al, 2004). Furthermore, overlaying the SVS terrain with a highway-in-the-sky (HITS), or other pathway based guidance symbology, results in very precise aircraft maneuvering without causing a significant increase in the workload associated with flying an approach, executing a missed-approach, or flying enroute maneuvers Kramer et al, 2003;Takallu et al, 2004;Wong et al, 2004;.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<title>Initial development of a metric to describe the level of safety associated with piloting an aircraft with synthetic vision systems (SVS) displays</title>

et al. 2005

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Synthetic Vision Systems (SVS) displays provide pilots with a continuous view of terrain combined with integrated guidance symbology in an effort to increase situation awareness (SA) and decrease workload during operations in Instrument Meteorological Conditions (IMC). It is hypothesized that SVS displays can replicate the safety and operational flexibility of flight in Visual Meteorological Conditions (VMC), regardless of actual out-the-window (OTW) visibility or time of day. Throughout the course of recent SVS research, significant progress has been made towards evolving SVS displays as well as demonstrating their ability to increase SA compared to conventional avionics in a variety of conditions. While a substantial amount of data has been accumulated demonstrating the capabilities of SVS displays, the ability of SVS to replicate the safety and operational flexibility of VMC flight performance in all visibility conditions is unknown to any specific degree. In order to more fully quantify the relationship of flight operations in IMC with SVS displays to conventional operations conducted in VMC, a fundamental comparison to current day general aviation (GA) flight instruments was warranted. Such a comparison could begin to establish the extent to which SVS display concepts are capable of maintaining an "equivalent level of safety" with the round dials they could one day replace, for both current and future operations. A combination of subjective and objective data measures were used in this research to quantify the relationship between selected components of safety that are associated with flying an approach. Four information display methods ranging from a "round dials" baseline through a fully integrated SVS package that includes terrain, pathway based guidance, and a strategic navigation display, were investigated in this high fidelity simulation experiment. In addition, a broad spectrum of pilots, representative of the GA population, were employed for testing in an attempt to enable greater application of the results and determine if "equivalent levels of safety" are achievable through the incorporation of SVS technology regardless of a pilot's flight experience. This research was conducted under the Aviation Safety and Security Program's (AvSSP) GA Element of the SVS Project at

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The Efficacy of Head-Down and Head-Up Synthetic Vision Display Concepts for Retro- and Forward-Fit of Commercial Aircraft

Cited by 50 publications

References 13 publications

Evaluating the Effects of Dimensionality in Advanced Avionic Display Concepts for Synthetic Vision Systems

Evaluating the Effects of Dimensionality in Advanced Avionic Display Concepts for Synthetic Vision Systems

Supporting wilderness search and rescue using a camera‐equipped mini UAV

<title>Initial development of a metric to describe the level of safety associated with piloting an aircraft with synthetic vision systems (SVS) displays</title>

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