The Efficacy of Influenza Vaccine in Elderly Persons

Groß, Peter; Hermogenes, Alicia W.; Sacks, Henry S.; Lau, Joseph; Levandowski, Roland A.

doi:10.7326/0003-4819-123-7-199510010-00008

Cited by 948 publications

(137 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Seasonal influenza vaccination is recommended for the elderly in Japan 21 and is available at a subsidized cost, 22 and the benefits are mostly seen in factors such as reduced hospitalization, fewer complications, and lower mortality 2 , 23 , 24 . However, the evidence for seasonal vaccination in reducing the incidence of influenza in this age group remains weak, 25 indicating a need for improved vaccines.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The post‐infection outcomes of influenza and acute respiratory infection in patients above 50 years of age in Japan: an observational study

Ikematsu¹,

Takeuchi²,

Rosenlund³

et al. 2011

Influenza Resp Viruses

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Please cite this paper as: Ikematsu et al. (2011) The post‐infection outcomes of influenza and acute respiratory infection in patients above 50 years of age in Japan: an observational study. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 6(3), 211–217. Objectives Influenza can be a serious illness, especially for older people, and reducing the impact of influenza in elderly is important. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence and postinfection outcomes of influenza among the over‐50 population in Japan. Design An observational study was designed to ascertain the proportion of influenza cases in a population aged ≥50 years with acute respiratory infection (ARI) and to determine the postinfection outcomes of their illness during the 2008–09 influenza season in Japan. Respiratory specimens obtained from a total of 401 patients were tested by PCR for influenza viruses, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human metapneumovirus (hMPV). The effectiveness of the seasonal trivalent influenza vaccine was estimated by a test‐negative case control analysis. Setting Seventeen outpatient clinics located in four separate areas of Japan. Sample Respiratory swab specimens from the ARI patients aged ≥50 years. Main outcome measures Laboratory confirmed influenza in patients presenting with ARI. Results In all, 89 (22.2%) of the patients were positive for one of the tested viruses; 70 (78.7%) with influenza, 17 (19.1%) with RSV, and 2 (2.2%) with hMPV. Cough (95.7% vs 73.4%), loss of appetite (67.1% vs 35.5%), absence from work (50.0% vs 23.0%), impact on daily activity (90.0% vs 62.5%), and caregiver absence from work (5.7% vs 0.6%) were observed higher in influenza patients. The duration of feeling weakness (6.3 ± 5.4 vs 3.6 ± 1.9 days) and average days of reduced activity (5.2 vs 3.6 days) were longer for influenza patients. Vaccine effectiveness was estimated to be 32.1% (95% CI: −14.9, 59.9%). Conclusions Influenza was the dominant ARI‐causing virus and the clinical and socio‐economic outcomes imposed on patients over 50 years of age was high for influenza.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The post‐infection outcomes of influenza and acute respiratory infection in patients above 50 years of age in Japan: an observational study

Ikematsu¹,

Takeuchi²,

Rosenlund³

et al. 2011

Influenza Resp Viruses

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show abstract

“…From a non‐exhaustive review of the literature, we identified potential confounders: insurance coverage, 12 , 13 number of primary care physicians per 100 000 population, 14 , 15 environmental humidity, 11 , 16 chronic disease and pregnancy rates, 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 percentage of the county population living below the poverty level, 12 , 21 , 22 vaccination uptake, 23 , 24 , 25 racial composition, 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 population density, 30 , 31 and prevalence of smoking 32 , 33 , 34 . A concise description of data sources and variable definitions for all covariates is provided in Table 1.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between community prevalence of obesity and associated behavioral factors and community rates of influenza‐related hospitalizations in the United States

Charland

Buckeridge

Hoen

et al. 2012

Influenza Resp Viruses

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Please cite this paper as: Charland et al.(2012) Relationship between community prevalence of obesity and associated behavioral factors and community rates of influenza‐related hospitalizations in the United States. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses DOI: 10.1111/irv.12019. Background Findings from studies examining the association between obesity and acute respiratory infection are inconsistent. Few studies have assessed the relationship between obesity‐related behavioral factors, such as diet and exercise, and risk of acute respiratory infection. Objective To determine whether community prevalence of obesity, low fruit/vegetable consumption, and physical inactivity are associated with influenza‐related hospitalization rates. Methods Using data from 274 US counties, from 2002 to 2008, we regressed county influenza‐related hospitalization rates on county prevalence of obesity (BMI ≥ 30), low fruit/vegetable consumption (<5 servings/day), and physical inactivity (<30 minutes/month recreational exercise), while adjusting for community‐level confounders such as insurance coverage and the number of primary care physicians per 100 000 population. Results A 5% increase in obesity prevalence was associated with a 12% increase in influenza‐related hospitalization rates [adjusted rate ratio (ARR) 1·12, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·07, 1·17]. Similarly, a 5% increase in the prevalence of low fruit/vegetable consumption and physical inactivity was associated with an increase of 12% (ARR 1·12, 95% CI 1·08, 1·17) and 11% (ARR 1·11, 95% CI 1·07, 1·16), respectively. When all three variables were included in the same model, a 5% increase in prevalence of obesity, low fruit/vegetable consumption, and physical inactivity was associated with 6%, 8%, and 7% increases in influenza‐related hospitalization rates, respectively. Conclusions Communities with a greater prevalence of obesity were more likely to have high influenza‐related hospitalization rates. Similarly, less physically active populations, with lower fruit/vegetable consumption, tended to have higher influenza‐related hospitalization rates, even after accounting for obesity.

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“…In addition to reducing the risk of hospitalization and death, influenza vaccination may benefit older adults by preventing secondary complications (e.g., severe respiratory infections and cardiopulmonary disease). 9,10 Although factors related to vaccine uptake have been widely investigated, 4,[11][12][13] continuous research is needed to evaluate whether the knowledge previously acquired has impacted on subsequent vaccination campaigns or the factors that have been identified as constraints to vaccination still continue influencing this outcome. The Advisory Group of the World Health Organization for Influenza Vaccines stated that the policymaking process demands studies assessing how attitudes are shaped and identifying the factors that are related to the decision to vaccinate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlates of influenza vaccine uptake among community-dwelling older adults in Brazil

Andrade

Sato

Moura

et al. 2017

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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This study aimed at assessing the factors associated with vaccine uptake in a representative sample of community-dwelling Brazilian older adults, specifically focusing on differences in socioeconomic factors among the country regions. We conducted a cross-sectional, population-based study, using a probabilistic household sample in 2013. Individuals aged 60 years or more answered a structured questionnaire informing on vaccination status and sociodemographic and behavioral covariates. Associations between variables were evaluated using prevalence ratios estimated by Poisson regression models. The overall vaccination coverage (72.6%) in older adults ranked lower than the goal of 80% stipulated by the Brazilian health authority; vaccine uptake differed significantly among the country regions. The prevalence of vaccination was lower in black individuals in Brazil than that in their white counterparts. The prevalence of vaccine uptake was significantly associated with covariates on current life style, use of health care, and socioeconomic determinants. Compared with individuals with 0-3 years of education, more schooled individuals had higher prevalence of vaccine uptake in the North, Northeast, and South regions of the country. This study showed that there is room for increasing vaccination coverage among the elderly in Brazil. The knowledge previously obtained on factors significantly associated with vaccine uptake has not prevented them to continue influencing this outcome. The socioeconomic inequality in vaccination in some Brazilian regions reinforces the need of targeting the intervention toward the most vulnerable groups.

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The Efficacy of Influenza Vaccine in Elderly Persons

Cited by 948 publications

References 1 publication

The post‐infection outcomes of influenza and acute respiratory infection in patients above 50 years of age in Japan: an observational study

The post‐infection outcomes of influenza and acute respiratory infection in patients above 50 years of age in Japan: an observational study

Relationship between community prevalence of obesity and associated behavioral factors and community rates of influenza‐related hospitalizations in the United States

Correlates of influenza vaccine uptake among community-dwelling older adults in Brazil

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