The efficacy of raw and concentrated bentonite clay in reducing the toxic effects of aflatoxin in broiler chicks

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of two adsorbents, a raw bentonite clay (RC) and a concentrated bentonite clay (CC), in ameliorating the toxic effects of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). Results of the in vitro study (pH 3.0) indicated the CC adsorbed more AFB1 than RC (93.39 mg/g vs. 79.30 mg/g) suggesting that CC may be more effective than RC in reducing the toxic effects of AFB1. One hundred and eighty day-old straight run broiler chicks were assigned to 6 replicate pens of 5 chicks each and assigned to 6 dietary treatments from hatch to day 21. Dietary treatments included: 1) basal diet (BD) containing no AFB1 or adsorbents; 2) BD plus 0.50% RC; 3) BD plus 0.50% CC; 4) BD plus 2.0 mg AFB1/kg; 5) BD plus 2.0 mg AFB1/kg plus 0.50% RC; and 6) BD plus 2.0 mg AFB1/kg plus 0.50% CC. Dietary AFB1 concentrations were confirmed by analysis and diets were screened for other mycotoxins prior to the start of the experiment. The addition of AFB1 to the feed reduced (P < 0.05) growth performance and increased (P < 0.05) relative liver weight (RLW) and kidney weight (RKW) of chicks fed AFB1 compared to control chicks on day 21. These changes were ameliorated (P < 0.05) by the addition of RC and CC to the AFB1 diet. Mild to moderate lesions of aflatoxicosis (2.25) were observed in chicks fed AFB1 alone on day 21. The addition of both RC and CC to the AFB1 diet decreased (P < 0.05) but did not prevent liver lesions (0.92 and 1.42, respectively). Results indicate that both RC and CC were effective in reducing the toxic effects of AFB1, however the cost of processing of CC would make the RC a more economical product for reducing the effects of AFB1 in young broiler chicks.

Toxicity of aflatoxin B1 on laying Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica)

“…The natural mycotoxin binder fed to laying quails of the current trial is composed of curcumin, an active ingredient of turmeric which is famous for being a natural antioxidant, minerals from clay sources, and enzymes (Shannon et al, 2017).…”

“…It is thought that the clays form a complex with the toxin thus preventing the absorption of AF across the intestinal epithelium. Due to their montmorillonite content, clay minerals swell and form thixotropic gels as a result of their ion exchange capabilities and are widely used as mycotoxin sequestering agent (Shannon et al, 2017). Manafi et al (2009) reported the effectiveness of sodium bentonite in relieving the damages due to the presence of aflatoxins in broilers.…”

Vitagene Regulation as a New Strategy to Fight Stresses in Poultry Production

“…It is very difficult to prevent feed contamination by mycotoxins. That is why various adsorbents are used to decrease negative effects of mycotoxins on animal/poultry with varied success [95][96][97][98]. However, absorptive capacity for mycotoxins in different adsorbents is greatly varied and, therefore, feed adsorbents are not able to solve mycotoxin problem in animal/poultry industry.…”

Changes in the regulation and activity of glutathione redox system, and lipid peroxidation processes in short‐term aflatoxin B1 exposure in liver of laying hens

“…In addition, residues of aflatoxins from animals can be accumulated in edible products for human consumption, which raises public health concerns (Herzallah, ). Preventing mould growth and AFB1 contamination in feed and feedstuffs is very important, but when contamination cannot be prevented, decontamination, or inhibition of adsorption by mycotoxin sequestrates, such as bentonite clay (Shannon et al., ), is needed before using these fodders to minimise toxic effects of AF (Oguz, ).…”

“…mycotoxin sequestrates, such as bentonite clay (Shannon et al, 2017), is needed before using these fodders to minimise toxic effects of AF (Oguz, 2011).…”