“…Since atoms in the same atomic layer are bound by covalent bonds, a singlelayer structure is formed with high modulus and high strength, avoiding direct contact with the friction pair [7]. Several excellent studies about nano additives in lubricants are available, such as metal nanoparticles [6][7][8][9], carbon element nanoparticles [10,11], oxide nanoparticles [12,13], various inorganic compound nanoparticles [14,15], polymer nanoparticles [16,17] and composite nanoparticles [18,19], etc. Many researchers so far have focused on graphene additives.…”