The efficacy of zero valent iron-sand filtration on the reduction of Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes in surface water for use in irrigation

Marik, Claire; Anderson-Coughlin, Brienna L.; Gartley, Samantha; Craighead, Shani; Bradshaw, Rhodel; Kulkarni, Prachi; Sharma, Manan; Kniel, Kalmia E.

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2019.02.028

Cited by 18 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The diversity of microbiological populations in rivers and streams is obvious. On the contrary, current research efforts are demonstrating the efficiency of Fe 0 filters for pathogen removal on a case-by-case basis [75][76][77][78]. For example, You et al [75] (re)demonstrated the suitability of Fe 0 /sand filters to inactivate waterborne viruses and refs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, You et al [75] (re)demonstrated the suitability of Fe 0 /sand filters to inactivate waterborne viruses and refs. [76][77][78] tested the same (e.g., Fe 0 /sand filters) to remove various bacteria and viruses. Given that it is the dynamic process of aqueous iron corrosion which induces the remove all pathogens (Equations (1) and (2)), testing Fe 0 /sand filters on a case-by-case basis can be regarded superfluous [9].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterizing a Newly Designed Steel-Wool-Based Household Filter for Safe Drinking Water Provision: Hydraulic Conductivity and Efficiency for Pathogen Removal

et al. 2019

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This study characterizes the decrease of the hydraulic conductivity (permeability loss) of a metallic iron-based household water filter (Fe0 filter) for a duration of 12 months. A commercial steel wool (SW) is used as Fe0 source. The Fe0 unit containing 300 g of SW was sandwiched between two conventional biological sand filters (BSFs). The working solution was slightly turbid natural well water polluted with pathogens (total coliform = 1950 UFC mL−1) and contaminated with nitrate ([NO3−] = 24.0 mg L−1). The system was monitored twice per month for pH value, removal of nitrate, coliforms, and turbidity, the iron concentration, as well as the permeability loss. Results revealed a quantitative removal of coliform (>99%), nitrate (>99%) and turbidity (>96%). The whole column effluent depicted drinking water quality. The permeability loss after one year of operation was about 40%, and the filter was still producing 200 L of drinking water per day at a flow velocity of 12.5 L h−1. A progressive increase of the effluent pH value was also recorded from about 5.0 (influent) to 8.4 at the end of the experiment. The effluent iron concentration was constantly lower than 0.2 mg L−1, which is within the drinking-water quality standards. This study presents an affordable design that can be one-to-one translated into the real world to accelerate the achievement of the UN Sustainable Development Goals for safe drinking water.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing a Newly Designed Steel-Wool-Based Household Filter for Safe Drinking Water Provision: Hydraulic Conductivity and Efficiency for Pathogen Removal

et al. 2019

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“…Pathogen and chemical removal Laboratory demonstration [43] Iron fillings Filter media Pathogen removal Laboratory demonstration [44] Iron nails Filter media Kanchan Arsenic filter Field scale [45,46] Composite iron matrix Filter media SONO Arsenic filter Field scale [47] Metallic iron Reactive media in PRBs Chemical contaminants Field scale [22,23,48,49] Metallic iron Filter media or batch systems All classes of contaminants Concept [50] Metallic iron Filter media E. coli and Listeria monocytogenes removal from surface water for irrigation Field scale [51,52] Table 1 presents a summary of the historical applications of metallic iron in water treatment. The history of Fe 0 application in environmental remediation has been the subject of several papers by our research group.…”

Section: Filter Media or Batch Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metallic Iron for Environmental Remediation: Starting an Overdue Progress in Knowledge

Yang²,

Tao³

et al. 2020

Water

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A critical survey of the abundant literature on environmental remediation and water treatment using metallic iron (Fe0) as reactive agent raises two major concerns: (i) the peculiar properties of the used materials are not properly considered and characterized, and, (ii) the literature review in individual publications is very selective, thereby excluding some fundamental principles. Fe0 specimens for water treatment are typically small in size. Before the advent of this technology and its application for environmental remediation, such small Fe0 particles have never been allowed to freely corrode for the long-term spanning several years. As concerning the selective literature review, the root cause is that Fe0 was considered as a (strong) reducing agent under environmental conditions. Subsequent interpretation of research results was mainly directed at supporting this mistaken view. The net result is that, within three decades, the Fe0 research community has developed itself to a sort of modern knowledge system. This communication is a further attempt to bring Fe0 research back to the highway of mainstream corrosion science, where the fundamentals of Fe0 technology are rooted. The inherent errors of selected approaches, currently considered as countermeasures to address the inherent limitations of the Fe0 technology are demonstrated. The misuse of the terms “reactivity”, and “efficiency”, and adsorption kinetics and isotherm models for Fe0 systems is also elucidated. The immense importance of Fe0/H2O systems in solving the long-lasting issue of universal safe drinking water provision and wastewater treatment calls for a science-based system design.

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“…However, in the case of the East The harvesting and storage of both rainwater and stormwater enable the subsequent conjunctive use of both water resources. On the one hand, subject to its quality, clean rainwater can be used for drinking water provision in its raw state or after affordable treatment [72][73][74][75]. On the other hand, stormwater, which is likely to be contaminated by anthropogenic pollutants, can be used for livestock watering and irrigation of household nutritional and herbal gardens [76].…”

Section: The Kilimanjaro Concept Versus Borehole-based Drinking Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Making Rainwater Harvesting a Key Solution for Water Management: The Universality of the Kilimanjaro Concept

Marwa

Mwamila³

et al. 2019

Sustainability

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Rainwater is conventionally perceived as an alternative drinking water source, mostly needed to meet water demand under particular circumstances, including under semi-arid conditions and on small islands. More recently, rainwater has been identified as a potential source of clean drinking water in cases where groundwater sources contain high concentrations of toxic geogenic contaminants. Specifically, this approach motivated the introduction of the Kilimanjaro Concept (KC) to supply fluoride-free water to the population of the East African Rift Valley (EARV). Clean harvested rainwater can either be used directly as a source of drinking water or blended with polluted natural water to meet drinking water guidelines. Current efforts towards the implementation of the KC in the EARV are demonstrating that harvesting rainwater is a potential universal solution to cover ever-increasing water demands while limiting adverse environmental impacts such as groundwater depletion and flooding. Indeed, all surface and subsurface water resources are replenished by precipitation (dew, hail, rain, and snow), with rainfall being the main source and major component of the hydrological cycle. Thus, rainwater harvesting systems entailing carefully harvesting, storing, and transporting rainwater are suitable solutions for water supply as long as rain falls on earth. Besides its direct use, rainwater can be infiltrating into the subsurface when and where it falls, thereby increasing aquifer recharge while minimizing soil erosion and limiting floods. The present paper presents an extension of the original KC by incorporating Chinese experience to demonstrate the universal applicability of the KC for water management, including the provision of clean water for decentralized communities.

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The efficacy of zero valent iron-sand filtration on the reduction of Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes in surface water for use in irrigation

Cited by 18 publications

References 22 publications

Characterizing a Newly Designed Steel-Wool-Based Household Filter for Safe Drinking Water Provision: Hydraulic Conductivity and Efficiency for Pathogen Removal

Characterizing a Newly Designed Steel-Wool-Based Household Filter for Safe Drinking Water Provision: Hydraulic Conductivity and Efficiency for Pathogen Removal

Metallic Iron for Environmental Remediation: Starting an Overdue Progress in Knowledge

Making Rainwater Harvesting a Key Solution for Water Management: The Universality of the Kilimanjaro Concept

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