The efficiency of canal cleaning with reciprocating movements instruments - SEM study

Abstract

Introduction/Objective The application of nickel-titanium (NiTi) instruments in cleaning and shaping of the root canal system is a standard and a precondition for the success of endodontic treatment. The objective of this study was to use scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis in order to examine the efficiency of cleaning the apical third of the root canal system using two different NiTi systems with reciprocating movements. Methods The study included 20 single-rooted teeth (premolars) divided into two groups. In group 1, the canal preparation was realized with a single file UNICONE with reciprocating movements (MEDIN, Inc., Nové Město na Moravě, Czech Republic), and in group 2, with а RECIPROC BLUE instrument with reciprocating movements (VDW GmbH, Munich, Germany). The same quantities of 2% NaOCl solution and 17% EDTA solution were used as irrigation solutions. The samples prepared for SEM analysis of the smear layer in the apical third were evaluated on a scale of 1-5 and at a magnification of 1,000×. Results SEM analysis pointed to mostly clean canal walls in the apical segment in both tested groups. Slightly cleaner walls were observed after the application of the UNICONE file (78%) compared to the samples of the second group, where the instrumentation was realized by the RECIPROC BLUE file (76%), but without statistically significant differences. Conclusion Single-file reciprocating systems do not remove the smear layer completely, but provide efficient cleaning of the apical region of the canal.

Evaluation of surface characteristics of new rotary nickel-titanium instruments - SEM-EDS analysis

“…Primena mašinskih nikl-titanijumskih (Ni-Ti) instrumenata sa svojstvima pamćenja oblika, izrazite biokompatibilnosti i otpornosti na koroziju, uvela je endodontsku proceduru u novu eru. Rotirajući Ni-Ti instrumenti su omogućili bržu i efikasnu preparaciju, odnosno smanjenu mogućnost pojave proceduralnih grešaka tokom čišćenja i oblikovanja kanala različite kanalske morfologije [1]. Brojne inovacije u dizajnu instrumenata, tokom poslednjih godina vezane za površinsku i termičku obradu Ni-Ti legure, uticale su na efikasnost i neophodnu sigurnost tokom endodontskog tretmana [2,3,4].…”

“…Rotary Ni-Ti instruments have enabled faster and more efficient preparation i.e. reduced the possibility of procedural errors during cleaning and shaping of root canals of different morphology [1]. Numerous innovations in instrument design, in recent years related to the surface and heat treatment of Ni-Ti alloys, have affected the efficiency and required safety during endodontic treatment [2][3][4].…”

The Influence of Root Canal Preparation with ProTaper Next, WaveOne Gold, and Twisted Files on Dentine Crack Formation

“…The relationship between root canal instrumentation and damage to radicular dentine has been shown in several research studies [11,[14][15][16][17]. As engine-driven endodontic instruments became an inevitable part of modern endodontic care, all instruments introduced to the clinical practice have been the topic of research papers whose aim was to determine the possible relationship between the instrument size, taper, cross-section, tooth anatomy, etc., and complications related to radicular dentine, such as improper disinfection or crack formation [7]. Among these factors, movement kinematics has been a topic of research since reciprocal and adaptive motion instruments were introduced to the market [18,19].…”

“…Nevertheless, the shape of the root canal and the environment inside it, also when it comes to the physical environment, is different, as any endodontic file has limited space for movement and there is less room for debris in its lumen, all of which make the file more likely to break. A solution to this problem has been proposed, namely the use of reciprocating motion, i.e., repeated movement in the clockwise and anti-clockwise direction [7]. The extent of movement (the angles) in each direction varies for different systems, and the two most widespread systems worldwide, Reciproc (VDW, Munich, Germany) and WaveOne Gold (Dentsply Sirona, Charlotte, NC, USA) move 150 degrees in the counterclockwise direction (CCW) and 30 degrees in the clockwise direction (CW).…”

“…The extent of movement (the angles) in each direction varies for different systems, and the two most widespread systems worldwide, Reciproc (VDW, Munich, Germany) and WaveOne Gold (Dentsply Sirona, Charlotte, NC, USA) move 150 degrees in the counterclockwise direction (CCW) and 30 degrees in the clockwise direction (CW). This type of movement seems particularly effective in cases of small root canals, obstructions in the root canal lumen, and retreatment [7]. The fact that the file engages and disengages with root canal dentine is believed to be the factor responsible for their lower likelihood of separation, but they remove less debris in the coronal direction [8].…”