The Efficiency of <i>Trichoderma harzianum</i> and <i>Aneurinobacillus migulanus</i> in the Control of Gladiolus Corm Rot in Soil-Less Culture System

Abstract

<b>Problem statement:</b> Gladiolus is cultivated commonly for cut flower production, frequently&#13; as a protected crop. The glasshouse or polytunnel environment, providing excellent conditions for flower&#13; production, also make conditions more favorable for disease to develop. <b>Approach:</b> The pathogen&#13; <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>gladioli</i> causes wilt diseases in a wide range of economically important plants&#13; and can have devastating effects on crop production. T<i>richoderma harzianum</i> and <i>Aneurinobacillus&#13; migulanus</i> were tested separately and in combination for controlling <i>F. oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>gladioli</i> activity&#13; in soilless culture using Perlite as the substrate. <b>Results:</b> The efficiency of both of antagonists against&#13; corm rot was evaluated based on vegetative and root growth parameters and on flowering parameters. <i>T.&#13; harzianum</i> was more effective than <i>A. migulanus</i> in disease suppression and also enhanced plant&#13; growth, increased flower production and quality. <i>A. migulanus</i> enhanced plant growth when tested alone.&#13; The mixture of antagonists reduced the efficiency of <i>T. harzianum</i>. Numbers of <i>T. harzianum</i> CFU in the&#13; substrate and on corms increased following application compared with treating with both antagonists. No&#13; <i>T. harzianum</i> was detected in the substrate by 120 day after planting, however, <i>A. migulanus</i> CFU&#13; significantly decreased on corms when inoculated in combination with <i>T. harzianum</i> and <i>F. oxysporum</i>&#13; f. sp. <i>gladioli</i>. However, <i>A. migulanus</i> CFU was not detected in the substrate of the same combination.&#13; SEM and Glasshouse results suggested that suppressive mechanisms of <i>T. harzianum</i> and <i>A. migulanus</i>&#13; differed. <i>T. harzianum</i> appeared to operate through a combination of antibiosis and substrate competition,&#13; whereas <i>A. migulanus</i> produced an electron-dense substance which may have inhibited the penetration of&#13; host tissues by <i>F. oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>gladiolus</i>. Greater growth of <i>T. harzianum</i> was observed when&#13; inoculated alone or with <i>F. oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>gladioli </i>hyphae. <b>Conclusion:</b> It was concluded that <i>T.&#13; harzianum</i> provided a more efficient and effective control of <i>F. oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>gladioli</i> corm rot of&#13; Gladiolus when inoculated without <i>A. migulanus</i>

Determination of compatibility of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Trichoderma harizianum grown on deoiled cakes of neem and jatropha for mass multiplication of P. fluorescens and T. harizianum in vitro

“…Results of present study are partly in accordance with the previous work of Thangavelu et al (2004) as during present investigation the increasing trend of P. fluorescens population at maximum level was up to 60 days. The results of another previous group of scientists that is, Nosir et al (2010) also fully support the findings of present study as they have reported that the population of T. harzianum and Aneurinobacillus migulanus could increase from days 30 to 60 followed by a decrease until by day 150 after inoculation, no T. harzianum CFU were recovered afterward.…”

Use of organic amendment for management of fusarium wilt of gladiolus

“…Mishra et al (2004) reported that an isolate of Trichoderma virens significantly reduced the pathogen of corm rot and wilt of gladiolus. Walid et al (2010) proved that T. harzianum was more efficient to control F. oxysporum f. sp. gladioli corm rot of gladiolus and enhanced plant growth, increased flower production and quality.…”

In vitro management of corm rot of gladiolus caused by Fusarium solani

“…(2010) [22] , Joshi (2018) [10] , Manasa et al (2019) [11] , Vavre et al (2020) [20] and Borakhade (2021) [2] . They also recorded inhibition of Fusarium spp.…”