Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT)
is a therapeutic modality
which has been used for the treatment of cancers, including brain
and head and neck tumors. For effective treatment via BNCT, efficient
and selective delivery of a high boron dose to cancer cells is needed.
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a target for prostate
cancer imaging and drug delivery. In this study, we conjugated boronic
acid or carborane functional groups to a well-established PSMA inhibitor
scaffold to deliver boron to prostate cancer cells and prostate tumor
xenograft models. Eight boron-containing PSMA inhibitors were synthesized.
All of these compounds showed a strong binding affinity to PSMA in
a competition radioligand binding assay (IC50 from 555.7
to 20.3 nM). Three selected compounds 1a, 1d, and 1f were administered to mice, and their in vivo blocking of 68Ga-PSMA-11 uptake was demonstrated
through a positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and biodistribution
experiment. Biodistribution analysis demonstrated boron uptake of
4–7 μg/g in 22Rv1 prostate xenograft tumors and similar
tumor/muscle ratios compared to the ratio for the most commonly used
BNCT compound, 4-borono-l-phenylalanine (BPA). Taken together,
these data suggest a potential role for PSMA targeted BNCT agents
in prostate cancer therapy following suitable optimization.