The efficiency of Xenopus primordial germ cell migration depends on the germplasm mRNA encoding the PDZ domain protein Grip2

Kirilenko, Pavel; Weierud, Frida K.; Zorn, Aaron M.; Woodland, Hugh R.

doi:10.1111/j.1432-0436.2007.00229.x

Cited by 20 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Grip2 encodes a scaffolding protein known to interact with receptors including Frizzled1 (Korkut et al, 2009;Ataman et al, 2006). Knockdown of Grip2 in the embryo disturbs normal PGC migration (Kirilenko et al, 2008;Tarbashevich et al, 2007), similar to our results with efnb1 (Fig. 7).…”

Section: Efnb1 Is Required For Normal Pgc Development and Migrationsupporting

confidence: 80%

High-throughput analysis reveals novel maternal germline RNAs crucial for primordial germ cell preservation and proper migration

et al. 2017

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During oogenesis, hundreds of maternal RNAs are selectively localized to the animal or vegetal pole, including determinants of somatic and germline fates. Although microarray analysis has identified localized determinants, it is not comprehensive and is limited to known transcripts. Here, we utilized high-throughput RNAsequencing analysis to comprehensively interrogate animal and vegetal pole RNAs in the fully grown Xenopus laevis oocyte. We identified 411 (198 annotated) and 27 (15 annotated) enriched mRNAs at the vegetal and animal pole, respectively. Ninety were novel mRNAs over 4-fold enriched at the vegetal pole and six were over 10-fold enriched at the animal pole. Unlike mRNAs, microRNAs were not asymmetrically distributed. Whole-mount in situ hybridization confirmed that all 17 selected mRNAs were localized. Biological function and network analysis of vegetally enriched transcripts identified protein-modifying enzymes, receptors, ligands, RNA-binding proteins, transcription factors and co-factors with five defining hubs linking 47 genes in a network. Initial functional studies of maternal vegetally localized mRNAs show that sox7 plays a novel and important role in primordial germ cell (PGC) development and that ephrinB1 (efnb1) is required for proper PGC migration. We propose potential pathways operating at the vegetal pole that highlight where future investigations might be most fruitful.

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Section: Efnb1 Is Required For Normal Pgc Development and Migrationsupporting

confidence: 80%

High-throughput analysis reveals novel maternal germline RNAs crucial for primordial germ cell preservation and proper migration

et al. 2017

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“…In addition, in NLD mRNA-injected embryos, we observed some embryos without x-gal stained PGCs in a series of experiments; listed in the tables of the control experiments. We have no clear explanation for the cause; however, even in embryos with control FDL injected into a vegetal blastomere at the 32-cell stage, we and other groups have observed embryos without FDL-labeled PGCs (Kirilenko et al, 2008;Nishiumi et al, 2005). However, it is possible that because mRNA is considerable large in size, it could not be segregated equally during cleavages, especially when an injection was carried out just before cleavage.…”

Section: Visualization Of Pgcsmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…In Xenopus laevis, germ cell fate is specified by the segregation of a maternally provided germ cell determinant-the germ plasm-rich in mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and proteins (Ikenishi et al, 1984;Kloc et al, 2002). It also contains about 10 species of mRNAs such as xcat2 (MacArthur et al, 1999), xpat (Hudson and Woodland, 1998), DEADSouth (MacArthur et al, 2000) and xgrip2 (Kaneshiro et al, 2007;Kirilenko et al, 2008;Tarbashevich et al, 2007), which are indispensable for the determination or differentiation of germ cells (King et al, 2005). As the Xenopus germ plasm is localized just under the vegetal cortex of the fertilized eggs, PGCs arise from vegetal blastomeres.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Analysis of SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling in primordial germ cell migration and survival or differentiation in Xenopus laevis

Takeuchi

Tanigawa

Minamide

et al. 2010

Mechanisms of Development

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Directional migration of primordial germ cells (PGCs) toward future gonads is a common feature in many animals. In zebrafish, mouse and chicken, SDF-1/CXCR4 chemokine signaling has been shown to have an important role in PGC migration. In Xenopus, SDF-1 is expressed in several regions in embryos including dorsal mesoderm, the target region that PGCs migrate to. CXCR4 is known to be expressed in PGCs. This relationship is consistent with that of more well-known animals. Here, we present experiments that examine whether chemokine signaling is involved in PGC migration of Xenopus. We investigate: (1) Whether injection of antisense morpholino oligos (MOs) for CXCR4 mRNA into vegetal blastomere containing the germ plasm or the precursor of PGCs disturbs the migration of PGCs? (2) Whether injection of exogenous CXCR4 mRNA together with MOs can restore the knockdown phenotype? (3) Whether the migratory behavior of PGCs is disturbed by the specific expression of mutant CXCR4 mRNA or SDF-1 mRNA in PGCs? We find that the knockdown of CXCR4 or the expression of mutant CXCR4 in PGCs leads to a decrease in the PGC number of the genital ridges, and that the ectopic expression of SDF-1 in PGCs leads to a decrease in the PGC number of the genital ridges and an increase in the ectopic PGC number. These results suggest that SDF-1/CXCR4 chemokine signaling is involved in the migration and survival or in the differentiation of PGCs in Xenopus.

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“…39 The XGrip2.1 mRNA localizes via the early pathway and encodes a conserved PDZ-domain protein that functions in the development and anteroposterior positioning of PGCs in Xenopus laevis embryos. [40][41][42] Here, we describe the identification and functional dissection of the localization element that mediates accumulation of the XGrip2.1 mRNA to the mitochondrial cloud during stage I of oogenesis, as well as late pathway localization to the vegetal cortex after injection into later stage oocytes. Mutational analysis revealed that localization through the late pathway requires binding to Vg1RBP and VgRBP60, while interaction with Xenopus ELAV-related proteins seems to be dispensable.…”

Section: O N O T D I S T R I B U T Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Functional dissection of the RNA signal sequence responsible for vegetal localization ofXGrip2.1mRNA in Xenopus oocytes

Claußen¹,

Tarbashevich²,

Pieler³

2011

RNA Biology

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The efficiency of Xenopus primordial germ cell migration depends on the germplasm mRNA encoding the PDZ domain protein Grip2

Cited by 20 publications

References 60 publications

High-throughput analysis reveals novel maternal germline RNAs crucial for primordial germ cell preservation and proper migration

High-throughput analysis reveals novel maternal germline RNAs crucial for primordial germ cell preservation and proper migration

Analysis of SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling in primordial germ cell migration and survival or differentiation in Xenopus laevis

Functional dissection of the RNA signal sequence responsible for vegetal localization ofXGrip2.1mRNA in Xenopus oocytes

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