“…This problem reflects partly the underestimation of the role of finance and money on the real economy (Guttmann, 2016;Minsky, 1986;Monasterolo & Raberto, 2018), including stranded assets (McGlade & Ekins, 2015;Mercure et al, 2018b) or assets at risk from climate change and climate policy (Bank of England, 2015; Battiston, Mandel, Monasterolo, Schütze, & Visentin, 2017;Campiglio et al, 2018;Carney, 2015), and partly the difficulty in modelling energy-related innovation, technological change and the effectiveness of policy instruments (Mercure et al, 2016b). Few of the current E3 models (e.g.…”