The Electric Arc Wind Tunnel-A Tool for Atmospheric Re-Entry Research

Brogan, T.R.

doi:10.2514/8.4857

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 4 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…(1) and (9) and assuming that H m « H ej we can express the heat transfer to a partially catalytic surface as…”

Section: Frozen Freestream Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ordinate is the heating rate normalized by (R/ps) 11 *, which is suggested by Eqs. (9) and (10); the abscissa is the total stream enthalpy. The predicted heating to a noncatalytic surface is shown both for a Lewis number of unity, and for the Lewis numbers (from Dorrance 16 ) using the values of a that varied with enthalpy.…”

Section: Heat Transfer In Frozen Dissociated Flowsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Stagnation-point convective heat transfer in frozen boundary layers.

Pope

1968

AIAA Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

An experimental investigation of the heat transfer to surfaces having widely differing catalytic activity in dissociated and partially ionized flows is described. The theory of Goulard is used to show that large deviations in heating rate from the fully catalytic prediction can occur when the product of the body nose radius and stagnation-point pressure (Rp s ) is small. The experimental data agree with Goulard's theory for dissociated flows when the boundarylayer properties and surface catalytic activity are known. Heating-rate measurements in dissociated flows are used with the theory to estimate the catalytic activity of eight surfaces in both nitrogen and air. Heating-rate measurements obtained in partially ionized flows were below those predicted by Fay and Kemp for an equilibrium boundary layer and for a fully catalytic surface in a frozen boundary layer. A theory is not presently available for heat transfer to finite catalytic or noncatalytic surfaces in nonequilibrium ionized flows. NomenclatureA = area of test model surface on which heating rates were measured, m 2 c p -specific heat at constant pressure, Mjoule/kg °K H = total enthalpy (u m 2 /2) + h, Mjoule/kg /* T h = static enthalpy, I c p dT + ahip + cfo 0 J o &D° = dissociation energy, Mjoule/kg /i/° = ionization energy, Mjoule/kg K = constant in Eq. (9) k w -catalytic reaction rate constant, cm/sec Le = Lewis number M = Mach number m = molecular weight of gas mixture, g/mole ra 0 = molecular weight of undissociated gas, g/mole p = pressure, atm q = heat-transfer rate to surf ace, kW/m 2 R = body nose radius, cm or m /£ eff = effective body nose radius, cm or m (R = universal gas constant n = base radius of body, cm or m Sc = Schmidt number T = temperature, °K u = velocity, m/sec Z = compressibility factor, 1 + a. OL = fraction of molecules dissociated 7 = isentropic exponent j w = recombination efficiency e = fraction of atoms ionized M = viscosity, g/cm sec p = density, g/cm 3

show abstract

“…(1) and (9) and assuming that H m « H ej we can express the heat transfer to a partially catalytic surface as…”

Section: Frozen Freestream Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Heat Transfer In Frozen Dissociated Flowsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stagnation-point convective heat transfer in frozen boundary layers.

Pope

1968

AIAA Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The observation that the anode in these allcarbon arcs usually lost more material than the cathode, suggested that the contamination level of the heated jet might be considerably reduced by using some material other than carbon for the anode. In 1957 Brogan at Avco (70), and at about the same time Lai and others (71) at the University of California, built and operated plasma generators with carbon cathodes and cooled copper anodes. Subsequently, many groups have used this electrode combination in extensive material study programs.…”

Section: Re-entry Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Units have been operated with the inner electrode as cathode and the outer as anode, as well as with the reversed polarity. By varying the mass flow of gas, the inlet flow pattern (axial or swirl injection) and the geometry (length/diameter ratio for the electrode throat), the arc column can be caused to terminate upstream (70), within (75) or downstream (12,71,-72) of the constriction in the electrode. In the last case, where the arc column strikes through the throat to the diverging section of the nozzle electrode, a phenomenon known as column confinement occurs in the throat region if this passage has a sufficiently small cross section in relation to the arc current.…”

Section: Design and Operating Characteristics Plasma Generator Configmentioning

confidence: 99%