The electro-oxidation of lignin in Sappi Saiccor dissolving pulp mill effluent

Moodley, Brenda; Mulholland, Dulcie A.; Brookes, HC

doi:10.4314/wsa.v37i1.64104

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Eskelinen et al (2010) aimed the treatment of some wood extractives and achieving 51%, 76%, and 83% concentration removals of 12 mg/L abietic acid, 11.8 mg/L oleic acid, and 0.6 mg/L β-sitosterol, respectively. Particular value-added products, such as vanillin and syringaldehyde, were identified in the electro-oxidized reaction media of acid bisulfite pulping effluents (Moodley et al 2011). Dominguez-Ramos et al (2008 obtained positive results for the treatment of lignosulfonate, which may be regarded as a component of effluent from sulfite pulping.…”

Section: Electro-oxidationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wastewater Treatment and Reclamation: A Review of Pulp and Paper Industry Practices and Opportunities

Hubbe

Metts

Hermosilla

et al. 2016

BioRes

194

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The pulp and paper (P&P) industry worldwide has achieved substantial progress in treating both process water and wastewater, thus limiting the discharge of pollutants to receiving waters. This review covers a variety of wastewater treatment methods, which provide P&P companies with costeffective ways to limit the release of biological or chemical oxygen demand, toxicity, solids, color, and other indicators of pollutant load. Conventional wastewater treatment systems, often comprising primary clarification followed by activated sludge processes, have been widely implemented in the P&P industry. Higher levels of pollutant removal can be achieved by supplementary treatments, which can include anaerobic biological stages, advanced oxidation processes, bioreactors, and membrane filtration technologies. Improvements in the performance of wastewater treatment operations often can be achieved by effective measurement technologies and by strategic addition of agents including coagulants, flocculants, filter aids, and optimized fungal or bacterial cultures. In addition, P&P mills can implement upstream process changes, including dissolved-air-flotation (DAF) systems, filtration save-alls, and kidney-like operations to purify process waters, thus reducing the load of pollutants and the volume of effluent being discharged to end-of-pipe wastewater treatment plants. Keywords: Wastewater treatment; Pulp and paper manufacturing; Advanced oxidation; Membrane technologies; Clarification; Activated sludgeContact information: a: North Carolina State University, Dept. of Forest Biomaterials, Campus Box 8005, Raleigh, NC 29695-8005; b: WestRock Company, Water and Waste Treatment, 600 S 8th St, Fernandina Beach, FL 32034; c: Department of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, University of Valladolid, Campus Duques de Soria, E-42004 Soria, Spain; d: Complutense University of Madrid, Department of Chemical Engineering, Ingn. Quim, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Ciudad Universitaria s/n,S-N, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; e: Concordia University, Dept. Bldg. Civil & Environm. Engn., 1455 Maisonneuve Blvd, West Montreal, PQ H3G 1M8, Canada; f: University of Jyväskylä, Dept. Chem., Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland; g: Department of Biology, Center for Environmental and Marine Studies, CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; h: Department of Environment and Planning, Center for Environmental and Marine Studies, CESAM, Aveiro & Department of Materials and Ceramics, Institute of Materials, CICECO, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; i: FPInnovations, 570 St. Jean Blvd., Pointe Claire, PQ H9R 3J9, Canada; * Corresponding author: hubbe@ncsu.edu Contents of the Article INTRODUCTIONThe pulp and paper (P&P) industry occupies a challenging position with respect to the natural environment. On the positive side, the industry is based on the usage of renewable, photosynthetic resources. On the other hand, the industry discharges huge quantities of aqueous effluents. Large volumes (up to 70 m 3 ) of wastewater ...

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Section: Electro-oxidationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wastewater Treatment and Reclamation: A Review of Pulp and Paper Industry Practices and Opportunities

Hubbe

Metts

Hermosilla

et al. 2016

BioRes

194

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Electrooxidation of the lignin monomer syringaldehyde has been shown to produce its corresponding acid and dimers as byproducts. [37] The polymerization of lignin monomers can occur via radical coupling reactions, [10,38,39] or through intermolecular condensation reactions at lower temperatures and in less alkaline conditions. [40] The addition of lignin to anode aqueous solutions not only results in lignin oxidation but also lowers the potential needed for electrolytic hydrogen production at the cathode.…”

Section: The Reactions In Direct Electrooxidation Of Ligninmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nickel (Ni 0 ) is a widely used electrode material because of its stability, low cost and known catalytic activity for lignin depolymerization. [8,33,37] In practical applications, the architecture of the electrode is crucial because it greatly affects the electrochemical active area, mass transport and flow distribution. [45][46][47] The morphology of the Ni electrode ( Figure 4) has significant influence on lignin depolymerization, with higher for the lignin model compound (1G) in the trifluoroacetic anhydride (TFA) system.…”

Section: Metal/metal Alloymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the complex structure of lignin makes it very difficult to dissolve in common organic solvents. [82] Alkaline solutions (e. g., NaOH, KOH) have been widely used as the electrolyte in many lignin electrooxidation studies [10,31,44,48,59,[83][84][85][86][87][32][33][34]37,[40][41][42][43] due to increased solubility for lignin and high electron/ion conductivity. However, electrolysis in aqueous solution is limited by the water splitting reaction at 1.23 V, severely restricting the potential window for electrochemical reactions.…”

Section: Lignin Dissolution In Electrolytementioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrochemical Lignin Conversion

et al. 2020

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Lignin is the largest source of renewable aromatic compounds, making the recovery of aromatic compounds from this material a significant scientific goal. Recently, many studies have reported on lignin depolymerization and upgrading strategies. Electrochemical approaches are considered to be low cost, reagent free, and environmentally friendly, and can be carried out under mild reaction conditions. In this Review, different electrochemical lignin conversion strategies, including electrooxidation, electroreduction, hybrid electro‐oxidation and reduction, and combinations of electrochemical and other processes (e. g., biological, solar) for lignin depolymerization and upgrading are discussed in detail. In addition to lignin conversion, electrochemical lignin fractionation from biomass and black liquor is also briefly discussed. Finally, the outlook and challenges for electrochemical lignin conversion are presented.

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“…For example, the electrochemical oxidation of lignosulfonate achieved an 80% TOC removal (Domínguez-Ramos et al 2008). Moreover, the treatment of lignin obtained from Saiccor's acid bisulphite-based pulping process resulted in the production of vanillin, which would be a byproduct of interesting commercial value (Moodley et al 2011).…”

Section: Electro-oxidation Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The application of advanced oxidation technologies to the treatment of effluents from the pulp and paper industry: a review

Hermosilla

Merayo

Gascó

et al. 2014

Environ Sci Pollut Res

159

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Paper industry is adopting zero liquid effluent technologies to reduce fresh water use and meet environmental regulations, which implies water circuits closure and the progressive accumulation of pollutants that must be removed before water re-use and final wastewater discharge. The traditional water treatment technologies that are used in paper mills (such as dissolve air flotation or biological treatment) are not able to remove recalcitrant contaminants. Therefore, advanced water treatment technologies, such as advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), are being included in industrial wastewater treatment chains aiming to either improve water biodegradability or its final quality. A deep review of the current state of the art regarding the use of AOPs for the treatment of the organic load of effluents from the paper industry is herein addressed considering mature and emerging treatments for a sustainable water use in this sector. Wastewater composition, which is highly dependent of the raw materials being used in the mills, the selected AOP itself, and its combination with other technologies, will determine the viability of the treatment. In general, all AOPs have been reported to achieve good organics removal efficiencies (COD removal >40%; and about an extra 20% if AOPs are combined with biological stages). Particularly, ozonation has been the most extensively reported and successfully implemented AOP at an industrial scale for effluent treatment or reuse within pulp and paper mills; although Fenton processes (photo-Fenton particularly) have actually addressed better oxidative results (COD removal ≈65-75%) at lab scale, but still need further development at large scale.

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The electro-oxidation of lignin in Sappi Saiccor dissolving pulp mill effluent

Cited by 9 publications

References 27 publications

Wastewater Treatment and Reclamation: A Review of Pulp and Paper Industry Practices and Opportunities

Wastewater Treatment and Reclamation: A Review of Pulp and Paper Industry Practices and Opportunities

Electrochemical Lignin Conversion

The application of advanced oxidation technologies to the treatment of effluents from the pulp and paper industry: a review

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