The Electrocardiogram in Athletes Revisited

Katritsis, George; Katritsis, Demosthenes G.

doi:10.15420/aer.2013.2.2.99

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“… • Morphological characteristics, i.e., descending is more serious than horizontal, which is more serious than slow ascending. 51 • Early onset during exercise and persistent changes late in the recovery phase indicate greater risk and severity. 52 • ST-segment depression greater than 10% in relation to the immediately preceding R-wave amplitude.…”

Section: Pre-participation Screeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Brazilian Society of Cardiology and Brazilian Society of Exercise and Sports Medicine Updated Guidelines for Sports and Exercise Cardiology - 2019

Ghorayeb¹,

Stein²,

Daher³

et al. 2019

Arquivos Brasileiros De Cardiologia

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Section: Pre-participation Screeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…• Morphological characteristics, i.e., descending is more serious than horizontal, which is more serious than slow ascending. 51 …”

Section: Pre-participation Screeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Brazilian Society of Cardiology and Brazilian Society of Exercise and Sports Medicine Updated Guidelines for Sports and Exercise Cardiology - 2019

Ghorayeb¹,

Stein²,

Daher³

et al. 2019

Arquivos Brasileiros De Cardiologia

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…HCM and ARVC) that can predispose an athlete to MMVA. [12] Prior ECGs should be reviewed when available, and it may also be useful to obtain serial ECGs. It is also important to differentiate normal variants associated with different racial groups, such as early repolarisation seen in athletes of Afro-Caribbean descent where the ECG commonly shows elevated ST segments with upward concavity followed by negative T wave in V2-V4.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monomorphic Ventricular Arrhythmias in Athletes

Hsu¹,

Nsair²,

Aboulhosn³

et al. 2019

Arrhythm Electrophysiol Rev

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Ventricular arrhythmias are challenging to manage in athletes with concern for an elevated risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) during sports competition. Monomorphic ventricular arrhythmias (MMVA), while often benign in athletes with a structurally normal heart, are also associated with a unique subset of idiopathic and malignant substrates that must be clearly defined. A comprehensive evaluation for structural and/or electrical heart disease is required in order to exclude cardiac conditions that increase risk of SCD with exercise, such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. Unique issues for physicians who manage this population include navigating athletes through the decision of whether they can safely continue their chosen sport. In the absence of structural heart disease, therapies such as radiofrequency catheter ablation are very effective for certain arrhythmias and may allow for return to competitive sports participation. In this comprehensive review, we summarise the recommendations for evaluating and managing athletes with MMVA.

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“… Particular physiological adaptations such as sinus bradycardia, higher QRS amplitude and lower diastolic BP, which reflect commonly found ECG and BP patterns in adult athletes, are visible already in adolescent athletes O n l i n e F i r s t Regular exercise in athletes causes adaptive structural and functional changes within the heart. These consist principally of pronounced cardiac vagal tone and an increase in cardiac dimensions which are reflected on the surface lead electrocardiogram (ECG) in the form of sinus bradycardia, left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), and depolarisation and repolarisation changes along with other common electrical changes, especially in the anterior leads 1,2 . However, there are few data assessing training-induced ECG changes in adolescent athletes.…”

Section: O N L I N E F I R S Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resting Electrocardiogram and Blood Pressure in Young Endurance and Nonendurance Athletes and Nonathletes

Pentikäinen

Toivo

Kokko

et al. 2020

Journal of Athletic Training

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Context: There is plenty of information on electrocardiogram (ECG) and blood pressure (BP) changes in senior athletes. However, a corresponding data in adolescent athletes are scarce. Objective: To study the differences in resting ECG and BP between adolescent endurance athletes, non-endurance athletes, and non-athletes. Design: Cross-Sectional Study Setting: A total of 154 youth sports clubs from COUNTRY-XXX and 100 secondary schools for comparison data. Patients or Other Participants: We recruited young athletes (n=410) aged 14–16 among 10 popular sport disciplines, including both winter and summer as well as team and individual sports, and categorized them as “endurance sports” or “non-endurance sports”. Comparison data composed of age-matched non-sports club participants (n=164) collected via secondary schools. Main Outcome Measure(s): Resting ECG including heart rate, PR interval, QRS duration, QRS axis, QRS amplitude, T axis and QT interval as well as systolic and diastolic blood pressure from all participants. Results: No differences in any ECG variable of interest was found between the endurance and non-endurance athletes. The PR interval was longer in endurance athletes than in non-athletes (P = .05). The QRS amplitude (P = .03) was higher among non-endurance athletes than in non-athletes. Diastolic BP among endurance (P = .002) and non-endurance (P = .02) athletes was lower than non-athletes. Endurance athletes (OR 2.85, 95% CI 1.81–4.50) and non-endurance athletes (OR 2.19, 95% CI 1.43–3.35) were more likely to have sinus bradycardia than non-athletes. Non-endurance athletes were more likely to have elevated systolic BP than endurance athletes (OR 1.70, 95% CI 1.07–2.72) and non-athletes (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.04–2.87). Conclusions: Young athletes mainly have similar ECG and BP findings independent of the sport. Particular physiological adaptations like sinus bradycardia, higher QRS amplitude and lower diastolic BP, commonly found in adult athletes, are visible also among adolescent athletes.

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The Electrocardiogram in Athletes Revisited

Cited by 4 publications

References 49 publications

The Brazilian Society of Cardiology and Brazilian Society of Exercise and Sports Medicine Updated Guidelines for Sports and Exercise Cardiology - 2019

The Brazilian Society of Cardiology and Brazilian Society of Exercise and Sports Medicine Updated Guidelines for Sports and Exercise Cardiology - 2019

Monomorphic Ventricular Arrhythmias in Athletes

Resting Electrocardiogram and Blood Pressure in Young Endurance and Nonendurance Athletes and Nonathletes

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