The Electrochemical Behavior of P- and C-Doped Ni-16Cr-9Fe

Kruger, R. M.; Claeys, Sandra; Was, Gary S.

doi:10.5006/1.3583020

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Lopez et al [22] correlated EPR test results in 2 M H 2 SO 4 ϩ 0.5 M NaCl ϩ 0.01 M KSCN solution to the Cr depletion in duplex stainless steels. According to Kruger et al, [19] EPR test results in the sulfuric acid ϩ KSCN solution can be better correlated with the width of the Cr-depleted zone rather than with the depletion zone depth for Ni-Cr-Fe alloys. Similarly, in this investigation also, the reactivation current ratio in 1 M H 2 SO 4 ϩ 0.5 M NaCl ϩ 0.01 M KSCN solution can be correlated to the Cr-depleted regions formed during initial stages of aging.…”

Section: A Wrought Metalmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Kruger et al [19] observed that 14 pct Cr content was the threshold for intergranular attack for a nickel alloy containing 16 pct Cr. Pan et al [26] observed that for alloy 825, the critical Cr content below which intergranular corrosion attack could be observed was 19 pct against a bulk Cr content of 22 pct.…”

Section: A Wrought Metalmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…[8] The sensitization of Mo-rich nickel-base alloys is found to be different from the sensitization of common austenitic stainless steels and other Ni-Cr alloys such as INCONEL* 600. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] *INCONEL is a trademark of INCO Alloys International, Huntington Woods, WV.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrochemical methods to detect susceptibility of Ni-Cr-Mo-W alloy 22 to intergranular corrosion

Gorhe

Raja

Namjoshi

et al. 2005

Metall Mater Trans A

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Alloy 22 (UNS N06022), a Ni-Cr-Mo-W based alloy, is a candidate material for the outer wall of nuclear waste package (NWP) containers. Even though the alloy is highly stable at low temperatures, it could undergo microstructural changes during processing such as welding and stress relieving. Formation of topologically close-packed (TCP) phases such as , P, , etc. and Cr-rich carbides could make the material susceptible to localized corrosion. Hence, it is important to correlate the microstructural changes with the corrosion resistance of the alloy by nondestructive and rapid electrochemical tests. In this investigation, different electrochemical test solutions were used to quantify the microstructural changes associated with aging and welding of the wrought alloy 22. The results of double-loop (DL) electrochemical potentiodynamic reactivation (EPR) tests in 1 M H 2 SO 4 ϩ 0.5 M NaCl ϩ 0.01 M KSCN solution indicated Cr depletion during initial stages of aging of wrought alloy 22. Results of EPR tests in 2 M HCl ϩ 0.01 M KSCN solution at 60 °C correlated well with the Mo depletion that occurred near TCP phases formed during aging of both weld and wrought alloy 22 materials. The EPR test results were compared with standard chemical weight loss measurements specified by ASTM standard G-28 methods A and B.

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Section: A Wrought Metalmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: A Wrought Metalmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Electrochemical methods to detect susceptibility of Ni-Cr-Mo-W alloy 22 to intergranular corrosion

Gorhe

Raja

Namjoshi

et al. 2005

Metall Mater Trans A

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“…48 Nonunanimous fi ndings on the relationship between DOS and IGSCC could be due the fact that which parameter (such as chromium-depleted width, minimum chromium level, or both) of the chromium-depleted region that the DOS follows is not clear. 22,[52][53][56][57] It is of great industrial relevance to establish such correlations since EPR-DOS is a fast, nondestructive method for measuring sensitization, unlike other test methods. 58 Such investigations may provide good inputs to modify the DOS measuring technique to improve its ability to refl ect IGSCC susceptibility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Cold Deformation Prior to Sensitization on Intergranular Stress Corrosion Cracking of Stainless Steel

Singh¹,

Swaminathan²,

Das³

et al. 2005

CORROSION

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The effects of deformation, prior to sensitization, on intergranular stress corrosion cracking (IGSCC) were studied on the AISI 304 (UNS S30400) stainless steel (SS). The degree of sensitization (DOS) was quantifi ed by the double loop electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation (DL-EPR) method. The susceptibility to IGSCC was investigated by the slow strain rate test (SSRT) carried out in polythionic acid (PTA) solutions. The results were complemented by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) fractographs. Deformation was found to accelerate sensitization, and a peak in sensitization vs. deformation was always observed. This peak was found to shift toward lower deformations with an increase in sensitization temperature. At 700°C, prior deformation is able to desensitize or heal the SS after 24 h. IGSCC was observed in AISI 304 SS after some treatments. No one-to-one correspondence was observed between IGSCC and DOS; this could be explained by the fact that the DOS measured by the DL-EPR indicates the depleted regions below ~15% Cr, whereas IGSCC depends on the availability of continuous grain boundary paths that are chromium-depleted, along with strain rate and environment (pH, temperature, etc.). Deformation prior to sensitization causes carbide formation and chromium depletion to occur near dislocations within the grain interiors, in addition to along grain boundaries. The DOS does not differentiate between these interior regions and the grain boundary regions, and shows a total value accounted for chromium depletion. However, IGSCC occurs only when there is chromium depletion along grain boundaries and therefore these intragrain regions further reduce the correlation between the DOS and IGSCC susceptibility. Deformation close to or beyond 60% was found to prevent IGSCC of AISI 304 SS, irrespective of the sensitization temperature or DOS value.

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The influence of boron on the grain boundary chemistry and microstructure of ni- 16cr- 9fe- 0.03c

Kruger

Was

1988

Metall Trans A

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The Electrochemical Behavior of P- and C-Doped Ni-16Cr-9Fe

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Electrochemical methods to detect susceptibility of Ni-Cr-Mo-W alloy 22 to intergranular corrosion

Electrochemical methods to detect susceptibility of Ni-Cr-Mo-W alloy 22 to intergranular corrosion

Effects of Cold Deformation Prior to Sensitization on Intergranular Stress Corrosion Cracking of Stainless Steel

The influence of boron on the grain boundary chemistry and microstructure of ni- 16cr- 9fe- 0.03c

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