The electrochemical evaluation of antipsychotic drug (promethazine) in biological and environmental samples through samarium cobalt oxide nanoparticles

Facile synthesis of efficient Co3O4 nanostructures using the milky sap of Calotropis procera for oxygen evolution reactions and supercapacitor applications

“…High-resolution spectra enabled the identification of the chemical states of cobalt and oxygen on the surface. In the case of Co 2p core level signals, the spectra were decomposed into three spin–orbit doublets (2p 3/2 –2p 1/2 ) along with the corresponding shake-up satellites, consistent with a cobalt spinel structure and well confirmed by previous studies, 71,72 as shown in Fig. 5b.…”

“…The small semi arc of the Nyquit plot is an indicator of low charge transfer resistance and the measured results agreed well with our previous study. 71 Co 3 O 4 is a semiconducting material and the optical band gap of sample 1 was calculated to be about 2.03 eV, which was lower than that of the pure Co 3 O 4 sample and sample 2, hence the conductance of sample 1 is large, which is in good agreement with the EIS information about the charge transfer resistance experienced by sample 1 of 71 ohms. The combined results of optical band gap and EIS studies suggest that sample 1 exhibited high conductance, therefore it has shown highly favorable electrochemical performance.…”