The Electrochemistry of Nickel

Kronenberg, M. L.; Banter, J. C.; Yeager, E.; Hovorka, Frank

doi:10.1149/1.2425910

Cited by 36 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…On the assumption that reaction [1] is under quasi equilibrium, the rate of reaction [2], v2, can be expressed as follows v~ k2' CNiOHo~ exp (F32" FE/RT) [1] where k2' is the formal rate constant of reaction [2] in electrical units and ~2' is the transfer coefficient for the reaction in the forward direction. The second possibility of producing Ni(OH)2 arises from a direct reaction between NiOH species and water, as indicated by reaction [5]. This reaction is preceded by the reaccommodation step represented by reaction [4], which is similar to that discussed for iron electrodes under comparable conditions (41).…”

Section: [Ni]k_l[nio ] + Hzomentioning

confidence: 93%

Comparative Potentiodynamic Study of Nickel in Still and Stirred Sulfuric Acid‐Potassium Sulfate Solutions in the 0.4–5.7 pH Range

Barbosa

Real

Vilche

et al. 1988

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Figure 10 shows the coulombic efficiency of Li/LiC104/ PPy batteries at various current densities. Each cell was charged to a 21% of doping level. Since the capacity of BF4--formed PPy is very low compared to the others, even the doping level of 21% is overloaded for this cathode. In fact, for even shallow charges, an extraordinary high cell voltage (over 4.5V) was observed, indicating that the PPy film is subject to oxidative decomposition. For this reason, the results for Li/LiCIO4/PPy formed with BF( are not shown. The battery assembled with the PPy cathode formed with PF6-keeps 100% of eouiombic efficiency up to the current density of 2.5 mAcm -2. From a high current density criteria better battery performance is also displayed in the order of PFC-, CF3803 -, CiO4 -formed PPy cathodes. In conclusion, the battery behavior of Li/LiCiO4/ pPy cell is consistent with the size and nucleophilicity of the polymerization anion. ABSTRACTThe potentiodynamic behavior of polycrystalline nickel disk electrodes in the potential range of the active to passive transition was investigated in still and stirred sulfuric acid solutions containing potassium sulfate in the 0.4 ~< pH ~< 5.7 range. Voltammetric data derived with a nickel rotating disk electrode allow a distinction between the main competing processes associated with the active to passive transition of nickel in acid, through their different dependences on the potential sweep rate and on the rotation speed. The first process corresponds to the formation of a nickel hydroxide solid phase through a relatively simple mechanism initially involving adsorbed (OH) species. The second process comprises the chemical dissolution and precipitation of nickel hydroxide, producing the thickening of the anodic layer. At high positive potentials, this anodic layer progressively transforms into the NiO passive layer. The overall reaction is discussed in terms of a complex reaction pathway in which the participation of water plays a fundamental role. ) unless CC License in place (see abstract). ecsdl.org/site/terms_use address. Redistribution subject to ECS terms of use (see 169.230.243.252 Downloaded on 2014-11-27 to IP J. Electrochem. Soc.: ELECTROCHEMICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY May 1988 ) unless CC License in place (see abstract). ecsdl.org/site/terms_use address. Redistribution subject to ECS terms of use (see 169.230.243.252 Downloaded on 2014-11-27 to IP

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Section: [Ni]k_l[nio ] + Hzomentioning

confidence: 93%

Comparative Potentiodynamic Study of Nickel in Still and Stirred Sulfuric Acid‐Potassium Sulfate Solutions in the 0.4–5.7 pH Range

Barbosa

Real

Vilche

et al. 1988

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…Davis and Barker [293] [315] shows that the tensile strength of 99 Foley [317] reported that the tensile strength of nickel increased with decreasing temperature, from 65,000 psi at room temperature to 97,500 psi at -120°C. Additional data at temperatures down to -320°F are given by International Nickel [86].…”

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confidence: 99%

Nickel and its alloys

Rosenberg¹

1968

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“…Harb and Alkire used the experimental results of Kronenberg et aI. 12 to arrive at a Tafel expression The use of a Tafel expression is most appropriate for systems involving small jo values, as small values for the parameter jo imply that in passing any measurable current to the pit, one is immediately placed in the Tafel regime. These statements are supported analytically in Eq.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a last note on the use of the Tafel expression, Kronenberg et al 12 found that the average-current/electrode-potential relationship is independent of the soluble nickel concentration when the Tafel condition applies, which ex: plains the lack of chloride ion concentration dependence in the exchange current density. That is, if a nickel concentration dependence in the anodic Tafel regime had been observed, it would imply that chloride ions are involved as anodic reactants.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dependent‐Variable Transformation for the Treatment of Diffusion, Migration, and Homogeneous Reactions: Application to a Corroding Pit

Baker¹,

Newman²

1993

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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The anodic dissolution of nickel in chloride medium is treated for a stagnant solution and the hemispherical cavity geometry common to the dissolution of passivating, corrosion-resistant metals. A new coordinate system developed recently by the authors again proves to be useful in dealing with the problem numerically, particularly with regard to the singularity at the pit lip. The quasipotential transformation allows us to reduce the coupled, nonlinear partial differential equations governing the concentrations and the potential to a single linear equation, Laplace's equation, with a great reduction in computation time and an increase in the accuracy attainable. The method thus treats coupled diffusion and migration with an arbitrary number of facile homogeneous reactions and the participation of an arbitrary number of species in the heterogeneous electrode reaction. Numerical calculations for the dissolution of nickel in chloride solutions are compared with published experimental results.One might speculate that as long as mankind uses passivating metals for corrosion-protective coatings, researchers will be forced to attempt to quantify dissolution phenomena occurring within micropits, often referred to as pitting corrosion, in order to improve the coating properties. In a recent communication, 1 the authors developed a conformal transformation that allows for the mapping of the pit geometry onto an infinite strip. The finished transformation compresses the infinite strip onto a rectangular region over which a limited number of mesh points can be used to obtain accurate simulations, as was shown for secondary-current-distribution calculations subiect to linear or Tafel polarization. References to related modeling studies in this topic area are provided in Ref. I. The secondary current distribution applies to systems in which potential losses are attributable to ohmic drop through the electrolyte and surface overpotential associated with the electrochemical reaction. The influence of homogeneous reactions and transport resistance due to diffusional processes are added in this article.From a more general perspective, we can divide the contribution of this work into two parts. First, we show how it is possible to analyze complex electrochemical systems, including diffusion, migration, and facile homogeneous reactions, by reducing the problem to nearly the same level of mathematical difficulty as that of the secondary current distribution. That is, the governing system of coupled, nonlinear partial differential equations, one for each ion, can be recast as one linear partial differential equation, Laplace's equation, independent of the number of ions. This simplification is effected by means of a dependentvariable transformationY The unique aspect of this study, relative to those of Ref. 2 and 3, is the inclusion of the homogeneous reactions. The treatment we provide is valid for electrochemical systems in which (i) the transport phenomena can be described by the Nernst-Planck equation, (it) the homogeneous reactio...

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The Electrochemistry of Nickel

Cited by 36 publications

References 5 publications

Comparative Potentiodynamic Study of Nickel in Still and Stirred Sulfuric Acid‐Potassium Sulfate Solutions in the 0.4–5.7 pH Range

Comparative Potentiodynamic Study of Nickel in Still and Stirred Sulfuric Acid‐Potassium Sulfate Solutions in the 0.4–5.7 pH Range

Nickel and its alloys

Dependent‐Variable Transformation for the Treatment of Diffusion, Migration, and Homogeneous Reactions: Application to a Corroding Pit

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