The sections in this article are
Introduction
The Metal Oxide Electrode and Modification Schemes
Commonly Encountered
TCO
Electrodes
Variability in
TCO
Electrodes
Factors that Control the Surface Composition of the
TCO
Electrode
Chemical Modification of
TCO
Surfaces Using Silane Chemistries
Introduction to Silane Modification
Examples of Silane Modification
Silane Modification of Electrodes for Use in Devices
Modification of
TCO
Surfaces through Chemisorption of Small Molecules
Modification using Small Molecules Containing Carboxylic Acid Functionality
Modification Using Phosphonic Acids and Other Chemisorbing Functionalities
Conclusions
Acknowledgments