The electrochromic behaviour of zirconium diphthalocyanine and molybdenum phthalocyanine oxide

Silver, Jack; Lukes, Peter J.; Hey, Paul; O’Connor, J. M.

doi:10.1016/s0277-5387(00)80609-9

Cited by 29 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…However, after several days a black powder material from the solution was obtained. Elemental analysis of this powder material is consistent with a ZrPc 2 complex that has been characterised earlier [41,50]. Thus it was found that a decomposition process takes place in solution.…”

Section: Synthesissupporting

confidence: 77%

Synthesis, crystal structure and charge transport properties of one-electron oxidized zirconium diphthalocyanine, [ZrPc2]IBr2

Janczak

Perpétuo

2006

Polyhedron

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Section: Synthesissupporting

confidence: 77%

Synthesis, crystal structure and charge transport properties of one-electron oxidized zirconium diphthalocyanine, [ZrPc2]IBr2

Janczak

Perpétuo

2006

Polyhedron

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“…Thus molecular arrangement in a solid may permit or deny ion penetration. When such voltagedriven penetration occurs a phase change may follow as in (2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochromism in titanyl and vanadyl phthalocyanine thin films

Silver¹,

Lukes²,

Hey³

et al. 1991

J. Mater. Chem.

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The elect roc h rom ic be havi ou r of ti tany I p ht ha1 ocyan i ne [Ti (0) ( pc)] and vanady I p ht halocyan i ne [ V( 0)( pc)] t h i n films are reported. These materials manifest a reversible electrochromic change when reduced, but upon oxidation they show evidence of immediate destructive breakdown. The behaviour of the films is discussed in relation to the a-and p-phase structures of the films. It is found that the phase of [Ti(O)(pc)] changes during the electrochromic process owing to ion incorporation. This is the first report of an electrochromically induced phase change in metal phthalocyanine materials. The structure of the phase present in a metal phthalocyanine material is found to dictate whether or not it is electrochromic. If the structure is too closely packed to allow ion penetration, it will not be electrochromic. The implications of the irreversible oxidations are discussed in relation to the behaviour of metal bisphthalocyanine electrochromic materials.

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“…Typical examples of chemically bound stacked structures are the face-to-face Pc dimeric complexes M(Pc) 2 (M(III) lanthanide, scandium, yttrium; M(IV) tin, zirconium) [1][2][3][4][5] and m-oxo complexes (PcSi) 2 O [6,7]. These stacked structures of phthalocyanines have been subjected to extensive investigations seeking their potential applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electronic structures and spectral properties of double- and triple-decker phthalocyanine complexes in a localized molecular orbital view

Ishikawa

2001

J. Porphyrins Phthalocyanines

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This paper reviews the studies on the electronic structures and spectroscopic properties of sandwich-type complexes M ( Pc )2 and M 2( Pc )3. The subjects discussed are as follows. (1) Electronic spectra of closed-shell Pc dimers and trimers. The complexes with closed-shell systems, such as [ Lu ( Pc )2]−, Sn ( Pc )2 and Lu 2( Pc )3, can be thought of as stacked systems composed only of Pc 2−. The excited states of these complexes can be described by locally excited and charge transfer configurations. The coupling terms of the configurations are written using orbitals localized on each Pc ring. Assignments of the observed absorption bands are discussed. Computational studies on the band assignments were carried out using a localized molecular orbital (LO) basis which maximizes orbital populations on one of the Pc rings. (2) Electronic structures of πelectron-deficient Pc dimers and trimers. Oxidation of [ Lu ( Pc )2]− or Lu 2( Pc )3 yields systems with π-electron deficiency or π-hole(s) residing on multiple Pc sites. The delocalized nature of the π-hole in Lu ( Pc )2 is elucidated by comparison of the electronic spectra of symmetric and asymmetric dimers composed of Pc and Nc ( H 2 Nc ≡ naphthalocyanine ). The band assignments of the dimer radicals are discussed. The Pc trimer radical shows an intense absorption band at about 5000 cm−1, which is 2000 cm−1 lower than the valence resonance band of Lu ( Pc )2. The two-electron-deficient complexes [ Lu ( Pc )2]+ and [ Lu 2( Pc )3]2+ also show intense near-IR bands at higher energy than the corresponding monoradical species. The interactions that determine the excitation energies of the near-IR bands of the π-electron-deficient species are elucidated.

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The electrochromic behaviour of zirconium diphthalocyanine and molybdenum phthalocyanine oxide

Cited by 29 publications

References 23 publications

Synthesis, crystal structure and charge transport properties of one-electron oxidized zirconium diphthalocyanine, [ZrPc2]IBr2

Synthesis, crystal structure and charge transport properties of one-electron oxidized zirconium diphthalocyanine, [ZrPc2]IBr2

Electrochromism in titanyl and vanadyl phthalocyanine thin films

Electronic structures and spectral properties of double- and triple-decker phthalocyanine complexes in a localized molecular orbital view

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