The Electrodeposition of Nickel from Nickel Chloride Solutions

Wesley, W. A.; Carey, J. W.

doi:10.1149/1.3498368

Cited by 26 publications

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“…Other advantages include its high conductivity, its slightly better throwing power, and a reduced tendency to form nodular growths on edges [89]. Deposits from this electrolyte are smoother, finer grained, harder, and stronger than those from Watts solutions and more highly stressed.…”

Section: Other Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrodeposition of Nickel

Bari¹

2010

Modern Electroplating

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Nickel electroplating is a commercially important and versatile surface-finishing process. Its commercial importance may be judged from the amount of nickel in the form of metal and salts consumed annually for electroplating, now roughly 100,000 metric tons worldwide, as well as its versatility from its many current applications [1]. The applications of nickel electroplating fall into three main categories: decorative, functional, and electroforming.In decorative applications, electroplated nickel is most often applied in combination with electrodeposited chromium. The thin layer of chromium was first specified to prevent the nickel from tarnishing. It was originally deposited on top of a relatively thick, single layer of nickel that had been polished and buffed to a mirror-bright finish. Today decorative nickel coatings are mirror bright as deposited and do not require polishing prior to chromium plating. Multilayered nickel coatings outperform single-layer ones of equal thickness and are widely specified to protect materials exposed to severely corrosive conditions. The corrosion performance of decorative, electroplated nickel plus chromium coatings has been further improved by the development of processes by which the porosity of chromium can be varied and controlled on a microscopic scale (microdiscontinuous chromium). Modern multilayered nickel coatings in combination with microdiscontinuous chromium are capable of protecting steel, zinc, copper, aluminum, and many other materials from corrosion for extended periods of time. The complexity of modern-day nickel plus chromium coatings is more than offset by the greatly improved corrosion resistance that has been achieved without significantly increasing coating thickness and costs.There are many functional applications where decoration is not the issue. Instead, nickel and nickel alloys with matte or dull finishes are deposited on surfaces to improve corrosion and wear resistance or modify magnetic and other properties. The properties of nickel electrodeposits produced under different conditions of operation are of particular interest in this connection.Electroforming is electroplating applied to the fabrication of products of various kinds. Nickel is deposited onto a mandrel and then removed from it to create a part made entirely of nickel. A variation of this is electrofabrication where the deposit is not separated from the substrate and where fabrication may involve electrodeposition through masks rather than the use of traditional mandrels.The many current applications of nickel electroplating are the result of developments and improvements that have been made almost since the day the process was discovered. This is evident in the following retrospective on the development of nickel electroplating solutions as well as in subsequent sections that deal with basics, decorative electroplating, functional applications and deposit properties, nickel electroforming, nickel anode materials, quality control, and pollution prevention. RETROSPECTIVE ON NICKEL ELECTRO...

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Section: Other Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrodeposition of Nickel

Bari¹

2010

Modern Electroplating

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“…In solution containing Cr 3＋ , it is presumed that Cr(OH) 3 formed at cathode layer suppresses the Ni deposition, resulting in some codeposition of NiO and Ni(OH) 2 with Ni, which causes the decrease in current efficiency and lightness of Ni. On the other hand, in solution containing SO 4 2-, the current efficiency of Ni somewhat decreased at SO 4 2-concentration above 50 g･dm -3 , and significantly decreased above 100 g･dm -3 . The lightness of deposited Ni somewhat increased at SO 4 2-concentration of 20 g･dm -3 , and greatly increased above 20 g･dm -3 .…”

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confidence: 90%

“…On the other hand, in solution containing SO 4 2-, the current efficiency of Ni somewhat decreased at SO 4 2-concentration above 50 g･dm -3 , and significantly decreased above 100 g･dm -3 . The lightness of deposited Ni somewhat increased at SO 4 2-concentration of 20 g･dm -3 , and greatly increased above 20 g･dm -3 . Since the overpotential for Ni deposition increases with increasing concentration of SO 4 2-, the surface of deposited Ni becomes smooth, resulting in increase in lightness.…”

mentioning

confidence: 90%

“…The lightness of deposited Ni somewhat increased at SO 4 2-concentration of 20 g･dm -3 , and greatly increased above 20 g･dm -3 . Since the overpotential for Ni deposition increases with increasing concentration of SO 4 2-, the surface of deposited Ni becomes smooth, resulting in increase in lightness. (Fig.…”

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confidence: 94%

“…To investigate the effect of impurities in solution on the lightness, surface morphology and current efficiency of deposited Ni, Ni electrodeposition was performed at a current density of 300 A/m 2 and 7.2×10 5 C･m -2 of charge, in an unagitated chloride solution containing Mn 2＋ , Cr 3＋ and SO 4 2-ions as impurity with pH 1 to 3, at 333 K. In solution containing 10 g･dm -3 of Mn 2＋ , the current efficiency for Ni deposition decreased slightly, and crystal size of deposited Ni became small. The lightness of deposited Ni decreased when the concentration of Mn 2＋ exceeded 1 g･dm -3 .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Effect of Impurities in Solution on the Lightness and Surface Morphology of Ni Deposited from Chloride Electro-Winning Solutions

Sato

Oue

Heguri

et al. 2016

J. Japan Inst. Metals and Materials

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To investigate the effect of impurities in solution on the lightness, surface morphology and current efficiency of deposited Ni, Ni electrodeposition was performed at a current density of 300 A/m 2 and 7.2×10 5 C･m -2 of charge, in an unagitated chloride solution containing Mn 2＋ , Cr 3＋ and SO 4 2-ions as impurity with pH 1 to 3, at 333 K. In solution containing 10 g･dm -3 of Mn 2＋ , the current efficiency for Ni deposition decreased slightly, and crystal size of deposited Ni became small. The lightness of deposited Ni decreased when the concentration of Mn 2＋ exceeded 1 g･dm -3 . When the Ni deposition was performed using soluble Ni anode to prevent the formation of MnO 2 at anode, the lightness of Ni was higher than that using insoluble anode, which suggesting that MnO 2 resulting from insoluble anode caused the decrease in lightness of Ni. In solution containing Cr 3＋ , the current efficiency of Ni gradually decreased with increasing concentration of Cr 3＋ , and significantly decreased above the Cr 3＋ concentration of 0.1 g･dm -3 . The lightness of deposited Ni greatly decreased with increasing concentration of Cr 3＋ above 0.001 g･dm -3 . In solution containing Cr 3＋ , it is presumed that Cr(OH) 3 formed at cathode layer suppresses the Ni deposition, resulting in some codeposition of NiO and Ni(OH) 2 with Ni, which causes the decrease in current efficiency and lightness of Ni. On the other hand, in solution containing SO 4 2-, the current efficiency of Ni somewhat decreased at SO 4 2-concentration above 50 g･dm -3 , and significantly decreased above 100 g･dm -3 . The lightness of deposited Ni somewhat increased at SO 4 2-concentration of 20 g･dm -3 , and greatly increased above 20 g･dm -3 . Since the overpotential for Ni deposition increases with increasing concentration of SO 4 2-, the surface of deposited Ni becomes smooth, resulting in increase in lightness.

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Abscheidungsbedingungen und Eigenschaften der Niederschläge einzelner Metalle und Legierungen

Fischer

1954

Reine Und Angewandte Metallkunde in Einzeldarstellungen

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The Electrodeposition of Nickel from Nickel Chloride Solutions

Cited by 26 publications

References 0 publications

Electrodeposition of Nickel

Electrodeposition of Nickel

Effect of Impurities in Solution on the Lightness and Surface Morphology of Ni Deposited from Chloride Electro-Winning Solutions

Abscheidungsbedingungen und Eigenschaften der Niederschläge einzelner Metalle und Legierungen

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