The Electrolysis of Ammonium Dinitramide in Dimethyl Sulfoxide

Abstract

This work investigated the electrolysis of ammonium dinitramide (ADN: NH 4 N(NO 2) 2) in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Various fundamental electrolysis properties of ADN were assessed based on an electrochemical study and the associated mechanisms were examined based on a quantum chemical approach. ADN exhibited three redox peaks at À 0.69, À 1.16 and À 1.52 V, and two oxidation peaks at 0.34 and 0.50 V (vs Ag/AgCl) at a scan rate of 50 mV s À 1 during cyclic voltammetry trials with a platinum electrode. Ultraviolet-visible spectra of ADN in DMSO were also acquired to determine temporal changes under galvanostatic reduction conditions. These spectra showed that a continuous current in conjunction with an applied voltage of À 1.5 V decomposed the ADN, but were unable to elucidate electrolysis products. Quantum chemistry calculations identified possible pathways for the electrolysis of ADN in DMSO, and indicated that reduced ADN rapidly decomposes to form NH 3 , N 2 O, NO 2 and OH À. The associated Gibbs energy barrier was determined to be almost 0 kJ mol À 1 when calculated at the CBS-QB3//ωB97X-D/6-311 + + G(d,p)/SCRF = (SMD, solvent = dmso) level of theory. These results suggest that ADN can undergo electrolysis in a solvent for which the potential window is sufficiently wide given the application of the appropriate voltage.

Multiscale modelling of the radical-induced chemistry of acetohydroxamic acid in aqueous solution

“…The HNO formed undergoes bimolecular combination with itself to ultimately yield H 2 O and N 2 O according to: 77–79 HNO + HNO → N 2 O + H 2 O, k 9 = 8 × 10 6 M −1 s −1 . 79 …”

“…The transient nitroxide radical (CH 3 CONHOc), formed in the AHA reaction with the cOH radical and other minor carbon radical species undergoes bimolecular combination according to eqn (3), resulting in an acyl nitroso (CH 3 CON]O). Acyl nitroso compounds are unstable and have been shown to undergo hydrolysis as follows: 75,76 The HNO formed undergoes bimolecular combination with itself to ultimately yield H 2 O and N 2 O according to: [77][78][79]…”

Electromagnetic characteristics of biosilica from rice husk

“…The heat effect of this exothermic oxidative reaction is, depending on the type of carbon raw material, varied from 3,5 to 3,8 kJ/kg [15]. Under our conditions, the addition of ammonium nitrate as an oxidizing agent led to a pronounced increase in the heat effect of the pyrolysis reaction of rice husks.…”

“…According to the data of [15], the interaction of ammonium nitrate with carbon materials upon heating can be expressed by the following chemical equation:…”

Gamma Radiation‐Induced Degradation of Acetohydroxamic Acid (AHA) in Aqueous Nitrate and Nitric Acid Solutions Evaluated by Multiscale Modelling

“…The molecular reaction pathways of HA with HNO 3 and HNO 2 have been of particular scientific interest [23–24] because these reactions can become rapid and autocatalytic under certain conditions, which has resulted in industrial accidents [25] . In this work, the most recent kinetic study by Izato et al [23] . was used to model these processes, and of these pathways, only Eq.…”