The Electron Cyclotron Maser - An Historical Survey

Hirshfield, J. L.; Granatstein, V. L.

doi:10.1109/tmtt.1977.1129150

Cited by 233 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…One approximation for g(z) is a Gaussian distribution, which serves as a reasonably accurate fit to exact numerical solutions for a variety of open cavities (11], and is also a good description of the field structure as measured in actual experimental cavities (12]. The Gaussian distribution can be written as g(z) = exp(-k 1 z) 2 , where k= 2/L and is determined by the shape and length of the cavity. We will use T(r,e)…”

Section: Results For Specific Cavity Field Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Linear theory of an electron cyclotron maser operating at the fundamental

Kreischer

Temkin

1980

Int J Infrared Milli Waves

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Section: Results For Specific Cavity Field Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The electron cyclotron resonance maser (ECM) has been demonstrated to be an efficient, high power source of millimeter and submillimeter radiation [1][2][3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linear theory of an electron cyclotron maser operating at the fundamental

Kreischer

Temkin

1980

Int J Infrared Milli Waves

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“…The gyrotron or electron cyclotron maser has proven to be an efficient source of high power millimeter wave radiation (1,2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mode excitation in a gyrotron operating at the fundamental

Kreischer

Temkin

1981

Int J Infrared Milli Waves

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A simplified formalism has been developed for calculating the minimum starting currents of gyrotron modes, as well as the sequence of gyrotron modes excited as a function of resonator magnetic field. Unlike treatments ihich assume that modes are excited at the Doppler-shifted cyclotron frequency, this analysis is in good agreement with the exact solution of gyrotron linear theory. It is shown that each TEmpq mode is characterized by q strong excitation branches, and of these branches two predominate for q > 2. For the case of q = 1, only a single branch at the Doppler down-shifted frequency is strong. 'The cyclotron frequencies at which these branches are excited are found to vary with q, but their minimum starting currents are roughly independent of q if Q does not depend on q. A simple technique for constructing mode spectra is presented, and examples are given for the TE 0 3 1 and TE521 modes. In addition the effect of the time-varying gun voltages on the mode excitation spectra during the turn-on phase of a pulsed gyrotron has been investigated. The method in which the cathode and control anode voltages of the gun are increased to their final operating values can significantly affect which modes are excited in a gyrotron. Of the two startup procedures analyzed in detail, it was found that holding the cathode voltage steady at its final value while ramping-up the anode voltage helped to minimize the appearance of parasitic

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“…[4] . The above equation was compared to Hirshfield's result [2] and found to reduce to his expression for the TE 011 mode, except for a factor of two [14]. Agreement is found in the weakly relativistic limit with results presented by Symons and Jory [15] for the TE 01 q mode.…”

Section: Ilmentioning

confidence: 66%

High frequency gyrotrons and their application to tokamak plasma heating

Temkin¹,

Kreischer²,

Wolfe³

et al. 1979

Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials

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High frequency (> 200 GHz) gyrotrons are potentially useful for several important applications, including plasma heating and radar.For electron cyclotron resonance heating of a moderate-size, high power density tokamak power reactor to ignition temperatures, a gyrotron frequency around 200 GHz appears to be necessary. The design of high frequency gyrotrons is discussed. Analysis of overall gyrotron efficiency indicates that high efficiency may be obtained in fundamental electron cyclotron frequency (wc) emission at high frequencies.The linear theory of a gyrotron operating at the fundamental frequency is derived for the TE modes of a right circular cylinder cavity. An analytic expression is given for the oscillator threshold or starting current vs. magnetic field.-2-

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The Electron Cyclotron Maser - An Historical Survey

Cited by 233 publications

References 27 publications

Linear theory of an electron cyclotron maser operating at the fundamental

Linear theory of an electron cyclotron maser operating at the fundamental

Mode excitation in a gyrotron operating at the fundamental

High frequency gyrotrons and their application to tokamak plasma heating

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